Chem 7
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24 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 activated complex | the arrangement of atoms at the top of the potential energy curve as a reaction proceeds |
| activation energy | the threshold energy that must be overcome to produce a chemical reaction |
| calorimetry | the measurement of changes in heat energy during a chemical reaction |
| catalyst | a substance that speeds up a reaction without undergoing change |
| dynamic equilibrium | the state that exits when the rate of change in the concentration of products and reactants is equal, resulting in no net concentration change |
| endothermic reaction | a chemical or physical change in which energy is absorbed |
| enthalpy | a term that represents heat energy |
| entropy | a term that represents a level of randomness or disorder |
| equilibrium constant | a numerical quantity that summarizes the relationship between the concentration of reactants and products in an equilibrium reaction |
| equilibrium reaction | a reaction that is reversible and the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal |
| exothermic reaction | a chemical or physical change that releases energy |
| free energy | the combined contribution of entropy and enthalpy for a chemical reaction |
| fuel value | the amount of energy derived from a given mass of material |
| kinetics | the study of rates of chemical reactions |
| LeChatelier's principle | states that when a system of equilibrium is disturbed, the equilibrium shifts in the direction that minimizes the disturbance |
| nutritional Calorie | equivalent to one kilocalorie (1000 calories); also known as a large Calorie |
| order of the reaction | the exponent of each concentration term in the rate equation |
| rate constant | the proportionality constant that relates the rate of a reaction and the concentration of reactants |
| rate of chemical reaction | the change in concentration of a reactant or product per unit time |
| reversible reaction | a reaction that will proceed to either direction, reactants to products or products to reactants |
| specific heat | the quantity of heat (calories) required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance one degree Celsius |
| surroundings | the universe outside of the system |
| system | the process under study |
| thermodynamics | the branch of science that deals with the relationship between energies of systems, work and heat |
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