AP Psychology (Unit 1)
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katiecline on August 25, 2011
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31 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 empiricism | the view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation |
| cognitive psychology | the scientific study of all mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating |
| social-cultural psychology | the study of how situations and cultures effect our behavior and thinking |
| psychometrics | the scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits |
| basic research | pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base |
| developmental psychology | a branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social changes throughout the lifespan |
| SQ3R | a study method incorporating 5 steps: surveys, questions, read, rehearse, review |
| structuralism | an early school of psychology that used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind |
| functionalism | a school of psychology that focused on how our mental and behavioral processes function -- how they enable us to adapt, survive, and flourish |
| experimental psychology | the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method |
| behaviorism | the view that psychology 1) should be an objective science that 2) studies behavior without reference to mental processes / most research psychologists today agree with 1 but not 2 |
| humanistic psychology | historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people and the individuals potential for personal growth |
| cognitive neuroscience | the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language) |
| psychology | the science of behavior and mental processes |
| nature-nurture issue | the longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors / today's science sees traits and behaviors arising from the interaction of nature and nurture |
| natural selection | the principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passes on to succeeding generations |
| levels of analysis | the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to social-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon |
| biopsychosocial approach | an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, social-cultural levels of analysis |
| biological psychology | a branch of psychology that studies the links between biological (including neuroscience and behavior genetics) and psychological processes |
| evolutionary psychology | the study of the roots of behavior and mental processes using the principals of natural selection |
| psychodynamic psychology | a branch of psychology that studies how unconcious drives and conflicts influence behavior and uses that info to treat people with psychological disorders |
| behavioral psychology | the scientific study of observable behavior and its explanation by principles of learning |
| educational psychology | the study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning |
| personality psychology | the study of an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting |
| social psychology | the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another |
| applied research | scientific study that aims to solve practical problems |
| industrial-organizational (I/O) psychology | the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces |
| human factors psychology | the study of how people and machines interact and the design of safe and easily used machines and environments |
| counseling psychology | a branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being |
| clinical psychology | a branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders |
| psychiatry | a branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who often provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy |
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