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What are the sub types of influenza type A H1N1 H2N2 H3N Influenza is isolated from.... Humans Horses Swine Birds Influenza type A is associated with... Widespread epidemics and pandemics Influenza type B is infrequently associated with.... regional and widespread epidemics What is Antigenic DRIFT inregaurds to Influenza Minor or gradual changes in HA and NA, A and B strains Requires annual reformulation of the influenza vaccine What is Antigenic SHIFT inregaurds to Influenza Complete or major change in H and N, anitgenically appears as new organism not recognized by the host Major shifts associated with pandemics Only influenza A Influenza has a high morbidity rate but a low Mortalitiy rate What is a mode of transmisson of influenza Droplets via the respiratory system and or direct contact with infected fomites When it comes to Influenza all humans are susceptible when.... a new subtype appears What are some preventive measures inregaurds to Influenza Education Immunization Amantadine/Rimantadine HCL What are some control of patient methods for influenza Isolation report to local health authority Amantadine/Rimantadine What are some signs and symptoms of Meningococcal Meningitis Fever Intense headache Vomitting Stiff neck Petechial rash Delirium coma What is the infectious agent of Meningococcal Meningitis Nesseria meningitides How do you diagnose Meningitis Recovery of meningococi from CSF or blood What must be done immediately even before lab results return in regaurds to Meningitis Treatment Can be treated with Penicillin, Chloramphenicol, Ampicillin Where do Meningococcal infections occur Greatest incidence occurs during winter and spring What are the common groups of Meningococcal meningitis in the U.S. B,C, and Y What is the incubation period of Meningitis 3 to 4 days Meningococci usually disappear from the nasopharynx within.. 24 hours after treatment What are signs and symptoms of Streptococcal infections Fever Sore throat Exudative tonsilitis Pharyngitis Tender, enlarged cervical lymph nodes May be accompanied by otis media Scarlet fever occurs when the infecting strain of streptococcus produces a... pyrogenic exotoxin; in which the patient is sensitized but not immune to the toxin What does the rash that accompanines sore throat in scarlet fever feel like. Sandpaper What is the infectious agent of Streptococcal Diseases Streptococcus pyogens What is the treatment of choice for strept infections Benzathine Penicillin G- IM What is the incubation period for strept 1 to 3 days Passive immunity to strept A disease may occur in.. Newborns What are some early signs and symptoms Tuberculosis Night sweats and weight loss What are some advanced signs and symptoms of Tuberculosis Hemoptysis, hoarsness, and chest pain What is the infectious agent of Tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis Presumptive diagnosis of active disease Tuberculosis is made by the demonstration of acid- fast bacilli in stainded smears from... sputum and other body fluids Ciguatera fish poisoning causes.. Diarrhea,Temp reversal(hot feels cold cold feels hot) In ciguatera fish poisoning the bigger the fish The more potent the toxin Diagnosis of ciguatera is confirmed by demonstrating the ciguatixin in implicated fish Scombroid fish poisoning (histamine posion) causes Tingling and burning sensation around the mouth and rash Preventive measures for Scombroid fish poisioning Adequate refrigeration and irradation to prevent spoilage Organophosh insecticides signs and symptoms include chest pain cyanosis, confusion, twitching and convulsions Cooking materials contaminated with toxic metals cause Vomitting, nausea, paresis of facial muscles, pain in throat Bacterial pathogens account for over.. 20 % of know disease outbreaks in the U.S. What is the most common form of Botulism in the US Infant botulism What is the infectious agent of botulism Clostridium botulinum toxins What is the temperature requriement for inactivation of spores in botulism 240 degrees farenheit What is the treatment for botulism IV administration of 1 vial polyvalent (AB or ABE) as soon as possible Where does botulism occur More common where home canning is popular What is a reservoir for botulism soil, marine sediment, intestinal tracts of animals and fish, and honey Incubation period for botulism Avg: 12-36 hrs, the shorter the incubation period the more severe the disease In intestinal botulism, toxins are found for weeks to months in... feces What is the infectious agent of Campylobacter Enteritis Campylobacter jejuni What is the treatment for Campylobacter Enteritis Electrolyte replacement What is the most common bacterial food bourne illness in the US Campylobacter Enteritis or Campylobacter jejuni What are some reservoirs for campylobacter enteritis Cattlle, and puppies or kittens What is the infectious agent of Clostridium perfringens food bourne intoxications C. perfringens and C. welchii and Type C strains What strains of Clostriudm perfringens cause necrotizing enteritis Type C Almost all outbreaks of clostridium perfringens outbreaks are associated with inadquately heated/reheated Meats,stews,meat pies and gravy For clostridium perfringens, their is no resistance after.. repeated exposures Method of control for Clostridium perfringens is to Heat all foods to atleast 165 degrees farenheit What is the infectious agent of Staphylococcus intoxication Several enterotoxins of Staphylococcus aureus and can also be stable at boiling temperatures What is a reservoir for Staph humans and about 25% of people are carriers What is a mode of transmission for staph Associated conditions of infected cut, boils, acne, and or URI What is a method of control for staph Keep hot food above 140 degress and cold food cold food below 41 degrees Where does salmonellosis mostly occur Incidnence rates are highest in small children What is a reservoir for Salmonellosis Turtles, chicks, dog, cats What are some signs and symptoms of Shigellosis Stools may contain blood, mucus and pus or a watery diarrhea What are contraindicated and may prolong illness of Shigellosis Antimotility agents Shigellosis peak during what time of year Summer In Shigellosis, carrier state may persist for... months or longer What is the infectious agent for Typhoid fever Salmonella typhi What is an important vector when it comes to mode of transmission of Typhpoid Flies What is the range and average incubation period for Typhoid Range is 3-30days average is 8-14 days What are some signs and symptoms of cholera Rapid dehydration, Acidosis, depletion of alkaline reserves of the body creating an acid pH in the body tissues and ciruclatory collapse What is the average incubation period of Cholera 2-3 days What is the infectious agent of Vibrio Parahemolyticus Enteritis Vibrio parahaemolyticus (halophilic vibrio) which requires high levels of slat to produce optimal growth What are reservoirs for V. Parahemolyticus Enteritis Cold season: marine silt Warm season: Coastal waters, fish, and shellfish Vibrio Parahemolyticus Enteritis is non-communicable from.. person to person What is the most dangerous infectious agent of E. coli Enterohemorrhagic (EHEC) serotype 0157:H7 shiga toxin which may reslut in hemolytic uremic syndrome Food and child care workers with E.coli must provide 2 successive negative fecal samples greater than ... 48 hrs after antibiotic therapy Which Influenza Types are isolated only from humans Influenza type B and C Which Influenza is associated with sporadic cases and minor localized outbreaks Influenza type C What are the Reservoirs for Influenza Mainly humans swine, and avian species Influenza's period of communicability is... 3-5 days from clincial onset What are the seriological sub groups of Menigococcal Meningitis A,B,C,X,Y,Z and W-135 Menningitis is transfered via.... Direct conatct, respiratory droplets from nose and throat especially in crowded conditions When does strept throat usually peak? Late winter and early spring Confirmatory diagnosis of Tuberculosis is done by... Isolation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on culture What are reservoirs for Tuberculosis Primarily humans and cattle (Bovine TB) Which kind of Tuberculosis is generally not communicable? Extra pulmonary Which kind of Tuberculosis is highly contagious Laryngeal Tuberculosis How is Tuberculosis transmitted Exposure to bacilli in airborne droplet nuclei by: coughing sneezing Singing Talking What is a preventive measure for Tuberculosis Skin testing progams by the Mantoux method A sign and symptom of Diptheria is characterized by a lesion marked by a patch or patches of Adherent grayish membrane with surrounding inflammation Enlarged tender cervical lymph nodes and edema in the neck is a sign and symptom of... Diptheria