Ancient Egypt and Fertile crescent civilizations
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24 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 hieroglyphics | a form of writing developed by the ancient Nile River valley people that used 600 signs pictures or symbols carved on stone |
| Rosetta Stone | the stone found in Egypt bearing an inscription in hieroglyphics greek and demotic which gave the first clues to deciphering Egyptiona hieroglyphics |
| Menes | a king of Upper Egypt who united all of Egypt into one kingdom |
| pharaoh | the title of upper Egypt who united all of Egypt inot one kingdom |
| polytheism | the belief in more than one god |
| cuneiform | Sumerian form of writing made by pressing a wedge shaped tool into clay tablets |
| ziggurat | Sumerian Temples made of layered sun dried brick the top of which seved as a shrine to a Sumerian God |
| city state | Sumerian form of independent community consisting of a town/city and its surrounding lands |
| Code of Hammurabi | the collection of 282 laws assembled by the Babylonian King Hammurabi which covered all aspects of life in Babylonia |
| Cyrus the Great | the persian leader who conquered Babylon, the Fertile Crescent, and Asia Minor, establishing the Perian Empire |
| Zoroastrianism | the religion of ancient Persia which centered on hte universal struggle between good and evil and the idea of final judgment |
| For what purpose did the Egyptians built the pyramids | they built them to be tombs for their rulers |
| What brought about the collapse of Egypt's Old Kingdom | weak rulers and civil wars |
| What provided a natural protection against invaders for the ancient Egyptians | The surrounding deserts and seas |
| List three physical features of the Nile River Valley contributed to the rise of civilization there | fertile soil, climate, and natural protective barriers |
| Explain the phrase history of the Fertile Crescent a story of repeated migration and conquest | every group of people that migrated ot the Fertile Crescent were eventually conquered destroyed and or forced out by anotgher gropu of migran ts who would then be conquered by another group and so on . This occurred dew to the Fertile crescent's lack of natural protective barriers |
| How did the early people of theTigris and Eupharates Valley view nature and the gods? Why? | The early people of the Tigris and Euphrated Valley viewed nature and the gods as harsh and unpredictable due to the irregular flooding of the area |
| List three major achievement of the Sumerian civilization | cuneiform, siggurat, system of numbers based on 60 |
| Why didn't the Sumerian City States unite under a single government | Each city state believed in a different gods |
| How did the Sumerians view of the afterlife differ form that of the Egyptians | Unlike the Egyptians, the Sumerians did not place much emphasis on the afterlife, The sumerians viewed the afterlife as a dark and shadowy underworld and they didn't believe in rewards and punishment s in the afterlife |
| Priests were powerful figures in both sumerian and Babylonian culture. describe the different reasons for priest s power in these two ancient civilizations | as the middle man between the gods and the people priests had much power. The Sumerians believed that a god or gods protected city state Babylonians believed that their priests could foretell predict the future |
| On what idea was Hammurabi's system of pun ishment based | The code of Hammrabi was based on the idea of an eye for an eye |
| Describe two ways in which Persian King showed a great concern for justice | their administration of laws and taxes were done fairly and they allowed conquered peoples to keep their cultures |
| What were the two central beliefs of Zoroastrianism | The universal struggle between good and evil and the idea of final judgment |
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