Forces and Newton's Laws of Motion
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Created by:
destiny_rahl on December 29, 2008
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Description:
ICSE, Physics, Ch. 3
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31 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Force | An external cause that changes or tends to change the dimension or state of rest or uniform motion of a body in a straight line |
| Contact forces | Applied on bodies through a connector |
| Non-contact forces/Forces at a distance | Without any aid of connectors |
| Newton's first law of motion | Every object in the universe will continue in it's state of uniform motion or rest, in a straight line, unless acted upon by an external force |
| Newton's second law of motion | It states "the rate of change of momentum is directly proportional to the force applied and the direction in which force is applied" |
| Momentum | Mass x Velocity |
| Dyne | Unit of force, CGS |
| Newton | Unit of force, SI |
| Gram-force | Gravitational unit of force, CGS |
| Kilogram-force | Gravitational unit of force, SI |
| Inertia | Tendency of a bod to continue in a state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line |
| Inertia of rest | The tendency of a body to continue in it's state of rest even when some external force is applied on it |
| Inertia of motion | The tendency of a body to continue in it's state of motion, even when some external force is applied to it |
| Newton's third law of motion | Every action has an equal and opposite reaction |
| Rigid body | A body which does not get deformed under the action of a force or a number of forces |
| Point of action of force | The point on the rigid body where the force acts |
| Line of action of force | An imaginary line passing through point of action of force and drawn in the same direction as the force acts |
| Principle of transmissibility of force | The point of action of force can be transferred anywhere along the line of action of force without causing material distance in the movement of the body |
| Moment of force | The turrning effect produced by a force acting on a rigid body |
| Torque | Force x perpendicular distance |
| Principle of moments | When a number of forces acting on a body keep it in equilibrium, the sum total of the clockwise moments is equal to the sum total of the anti-clockwise moments |
| Couple | Two equal and unlike forces, whose line of action is not same |
| Moment of coule | The turning effect of couple around a fixed point or axis |
| Centre of gravity | Point in the body where whole body is supposed to act |
| Equilibrium | When a body does not change it's state or rest or uniform motion on the application of external forces it is said to be in |
| Stable Equilibrium | New place on application of force, when the force is removed, back to the original place |
| Unstable equilibrium | New position on application of force, on removal of force it does not return to the original position |
| Neutral Equilibrium | On action of force, moves to a new place rather than position, and on removal may or may not come back to the original place |
| Circular motion | Thge motion of a body around a circular path, with a uniform speed but variable velocity, such that the acceleration acts at right angles to the direction of speed |
| Centripetal force | The force acting on a body moving along a circular path, with constant speed, such that the force is directed towards the center of changes only the direction of motion of body |
| Centrifugal force | A force equal and opposite to the centripetal force, and directed outward from the circular path |
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