5 Written Questions

1. the process by which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells, either as a defense mechanism or as a means to obtain food.
2. the process by which a cell membranes surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell.
3. the movement of chemical substances, usually across the cell membrane, against a concentration gradient; requires cells to use energy.
4. describes a solution whose concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell.
5. the process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out.

5 Matching Questions

1. diffusion
2. vesicle
3. hypotonic
4. sodium-potassium pump
5. turgor pressure

1. a a small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell; forms when part of the cell membrane surrounds the materials to be taken into the cell or transported within the cell.
2. b describes a solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute concentration inside a cell.
3. c the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density.
4. d a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell.
5. e the pressure that is exerted on the inside of cell walls and that is caused by the movement of water into the cell.

5 Multiple Choice Questions

1. the transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier proteins.
   1. carrier protein
   2. active transport
   3. diffusion
   4. facilitated diffusion
2. in biology, a state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space.
   1. cytolysis
   2. exocytosis
   3. diffusion
   4. equilibrium
3. a complex of protein molecules in a cell membrane that form a pore through which ions can pass.
   1. vesicle
   2. isotonic
   3. pinocytosis
   4. ion channel
4. the bursting of a cell.
   1. osmosis
   2. exocytosis
   3. cytolysis
   4. plasmolysis
5. the diffusion of water or another solvent from a more dilute solution (of a solute) to a more concentrated (of the solute) through a membrane that is permeable to the solvent.
   1. cytolysis
   2. plasmolysis
   3. exocytosis
   4. osmosis

5 True/False Questions

1. pinocytosis → a method of active transport across the cell membrane in which the cell takes in extracellular fluids.

   True        False

2. passive transport → the movement of chemical substances, usually across the cell membrane, against a concentration gradient; requires cells to use energy.

   True        False

3. concentration gradient → a difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance.

   True        False

4. plasmolysis → the contraction or shrinking of the cell membrane of a plant cell in a hypertonic solution in response to the loss of water by osmosis.

   True        False

5. contractile vacuole → in protists, an organelle that accumulates water and then releases it periodically to maintain osmotic pressure.

   True        False