Anatomy Physiology of the heart
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54 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 mediastinum | The space between the lungs in the middle of the chest where the heart lies. |
| pericardium | A double-layered membrane that surrounds the heart. |
| great vessels | Pulmonary arteries and veins, aorta, superior and inferior vena cavae. |
| base of the heart | The heart's upper portion. It lies at about the level of the second rib. |
| heart's apex | The lower portion of the heart formed by the tip of the left ventricle. It lies just above the diaphragm. |
| atria | The two upper chambers of the heart that receive blood. |
| right atrium | Receives blood that is low in oxygen. |
| left atrium | Receives freshly oxygenated blood. |
| superior vena cava | Carries blood to the right atrium from the head and upper extremities. |
| inferior vena cava | Carries blood to the right atrium from the lower body. |
| coronary sinus | The largest vein that drains the heart into the right atrium. |
| right and left pulmonary veins | Carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium. |
| ventricles | The two lower chambers of the heart that pump blood. |
| right ventricle | Pumps oxygen poor blood to the lungs via the left and right pulmonary arteries. |
| left ventricle | Pumps oxygenated blood to the body via the aorta and it's branches. |
| Apical impulse | Impulse that can be felt at the apex of the heart when the left ventricle contracts. |
| sulci | Grooves on the outside surface of the heart. |
| coronary sulcus | A groove that encircles the outside of the heart and separates the atria from the ventricles. |
| septum | An internal wall separating the right and left sides of the heart. |
| interatrial septum | Separates the right and left atria. |
| interventricular septum | Separates the right and left ventricles. |
| Pulmonary circulation | Circulation from the right side of the heart to the lungs and back to the left side of the heart. |
| Systemic circulation | Circulation of oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to the body and back to the right side of the heart. |
| Atrial kick | Additional contribution of blood (30%) because of atrial contraction. |
| Stroke volume | The amount of blood ejected from a ventricle with each heartbeat. |
| Ejection fraction | The percentage of blood pumped out of a heart chamber with each contraction. |
| endocardium | A thin smooth layer of epithelium and connective tissue that lines the hearts inner chamber. |
| myocardium | A thin muscular layer that consists of cardiac muscle fibers responsible for the pumping action of the heart. |
| epicardium | External layer of the heart and the inner layer of the pericardium. |
| Ischemia | A decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a body part or organ. |
| pericardium | A double walled sac that encloses the heart and helps protect it from trauma and infection. |
| Fibrous parietal pericardium | The rough outer layer of the pericardial sac. |
| serous pericardium | Two layers that make up the inner layer of the pericardium.(perietal and visceral) |
| perietal layer | Lines the inside of the fibrous pericardium. |
| visceral layer | Adheres to the outside of the heart and forms the outer layer of the heart muscle also called the epicardium. |
| pericardial space | The space between the perital and visceral layers that normally contains 20 mL of serous fluid. |
| Pericarditis | Inflammation of the pericardium. |
| Cardiac output | The amount of blood the ventricles can pump to the body |
| Pericardiocentesis | Surgical puncture to remove fluid within the pericardial space surrounding the heart. |
| Sarcolemma | Membrane that encloses each muscle cell. |
| Mitochondria | The energy producing part of a cell. |
| Myofibrils | Thread-like structures which have a contractile function |
| Transverse tubules | Channels perpendicular to myofibrils that extend through fiber |
| Sarcoplasmic reticulum | Stores and releases calcium into sarcoplasm after nervous stimulation |
| atrioventricular valves | Separate the atria from the ventricles |
| tricuspid valve | The AV valve that lies between the right atrium and the right ventricle. |
| mitral or bicuspid valve | The AV valve that lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle. |
| Systole | contraction phase of the heartbeat |
| Diastole | relaxation phase of the heartbeat |
| chordae tendineae | the tendonlike, fibrous cords that connect the atrioventricular valves to the papillary muscles of the ventricles |
| papillary muscles | responsible for pulling the atrioventricular valves closed by means of the chordae tendineae |
| semilunar valves | Separate the ventricles from arteries. Right sided pulmonic, left sided aortic. Open during systole to allow blood to be ejected from the heart. |
| pulmonic valve | Separates right ventricle and pulmonary artery |
| aortic valve | located between the left ventricle and the aorta |
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