Excretory,Urinary and Digestive System
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smallwood Plus on August 28, 2011
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Study question for exam 4
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46 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Excretory System | Those organs that are involved in producing and ridding the body of excretions. |
| URINARY SYSTEM | The system that deals with the production and removal of urine from the body. |
| Kidneys Function | The major organ in the production of urine, Kidneys also help to control pH. Urine is acidic in terms of pH. The kidneys control the pH. The normal pH of normal living blood is slightly alkaline or 7.3 to 7.4. |
| Kidneys Structure | Beans shaped- later border is convex, medial border is concave with hilus (notch where blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic vessels enter the kidney. Encased in adipose tissue (peritoneal fat). |
| Medial Side | The side of the kidney toward the mid-line of the body. |
| Perirenal | The fat/capsule that surrounds the kidney. |
| Medulla | The inner portion of each kidney. |
| Tubules | (Only seen by microscope) tiny microscopic tubes through which blood is filtered in the kidneys. |
| Glomeruli | (plural) little tufts of capillaries located in the kidneys small blood vesicles., Blood is carried to the kidneys by the renal arteries, which branch into smaller arteries inside the cortex and then lead to clusters of capillaries called_____________. |
| Calyces | Cup-shaped ducts carrying urine from the nephrons to the renal pelvis. |
| Renal Pelvis | funnel-shaped reservoir that collects the urine and passes it to the ureter. |
| Urinary Bladder | muscular sac that stores urine. |
| Uretha tube | Single tube located between the urinary bladder and the outside of the body. Male - used by both genital and urinary tract, but not at same time. Female - shorter, used only by the urinary tract. |
| Ureters | The 2 tapered tubes attached to kidneys (wide side) that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder (thinner side). |
| DIGESTIVE SYSTEM | Organs responsible for breaking food and liquid into useable soluble (proteins, carbs & fat) substance. components: includes the mouth, teeth, tongue, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and anus; also includes accessory organs that assist in digestive processes, such as salivary glands, liver, gallblader, biliary tract and pancreas; |
| Alimentary Canal | passageway for food which begins in mouth and ends at the anal canal. |
| Accessory organs | those which help in digestion, but not part of alimentary canal. |
| Buccal Division | sensory to the skin and mucus membrane of the cheek. |
| Oral divisions | Vestibule - space between cheeks and gums Mouth cavity proper - space between your gums (tongue). |
| Teeth | Accessory organs of the mouth: Deciduous (baby) - 20 Permanent - 32, starts around age 6. |
| Tongue | Accessory organ of the mouth, used in taste, speech, and to move food, Holds taste buds. |
| Salivary Gland | Accessory organs of the mouth; Produce saliva with ptyalin, Contains the saliva ducts (exocrine); Three pairs Parotid - largest (viral mumps) Submandibular - under lower jaw Sublingual - under tongue |
| Bolus | mass of human food suitable for swallowing. |
| Pharynx (throat) | Ships food from mouth to esophagus. Shared by both respiratory and digestive systems located between mouth and esophagus; Made up of three parts: Nasopharynx - most superior division or segment. Located above soft palate, normally only used in respiratory system Oropharynx - First division of throat used in digestive part of throat you can see in mirror. Laryngopharynx - Division of throat with direct contact with voice box; most inferior section of throat. |
| Esophagus (gullet) | Muscular tube located between throat and stomach Majority in thoracic cavity behind heart Smooth muscle common site of herniation Carries food from throat to stomach. |
| Peristalsis | wave like movement of food thru digestive system initiated by swallowing. |
| Stomach | Storage pouch for food located in epigastric region of abdominal cavity; great blood supply, to wall only; Produces or secretes gastric juice (highly acidic); Softens meat (which needs longer in stomach); Kills microorganisms; Needs to be embalmed via cavity. |
| Cardia | the opening into the stomach and that part of the stomach connected to the esophagus; first division of stomach which food will pass. |
| Cardiac sphincter | the valve between the esophagus and the stomach, circular shaped muscle that controls the entrance to the stomach. |
| Fundus | upper dome shaped portion of stomach. |
| Body | largest portion of stomach, shaped medially less curvature, laterally-more curve. |
| Pyloris-pyloric sphincter | muscle valve regulating food leaving stomach. |
| Mucosa | layers that make up stomach wall. Moist tissue |
| Submucosa | beneath or under mucosa layer Muscularis - made up of smooth muscle. |
| Serosa | Outer most layer of stomach "blood vessels". |
| Mesentery | The small intestine is connected to the posterior abdominal wall by a double layer of peritoneum and supports the small intestines is the _________. |
| Glycogen | The liver can store glucose in the form of? |
| parotid glands | largest of the salivary glands and lies just below and in front of each ear at the angle of the jaw |
| Dentin | the calcified tissue forming the major part of a tooth; deep to the enamel. |
| Vestibule | space between cheeks and gums |
| Mouth cavity proper | The space between your gums and tongue |
| Teeth | Accessory organ, that crush and grind food mechanically into smaller bits. |
| Ptyalin | only digestive enzyme in saliva. |
| Nasopharynx | most superior division or segment of the pharynx, located above the soft palate, normally used by the respiratory system. |
| Oropharynx | First division of the throat used in digestion. |
| Laryngopharynx | division of the throat with direct contact with the voice box. The most inferior section of the throat. |
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