Biology 112 Prokaryote - Archae and Bacteria
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Created by:
Angelica661 on January 1, 2009
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42 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 the three domains of life | bacteria, archea, eukaryae |
| prokaryotes | found in domain bacteria and archaea |
| eukaryotes | eukaryotes |
| bacterial cell structures | nucleoid, fimbria, plasmid, ribosomes, plasma membrane, cell wall, flagella, capsule, cytoplasm |
| endospores | are DNA and a portion of cytoplasm(ribosomes) encased in a tough cell wall; resistant to extreme in temp, drying, and harsh chemicals; comoponent of a prokaryotic cell |
| components of prokaryotic cell | plasma membrane, gas vacoule, ribosomes, inclusion bodies, nucleoid, periplasmic space, cell wall, capsule and slime layers, fimbriae and pili, flagella, edospore |
| photoautroph | energy source is light; carbon source is CO2 |
| chemoautotroph | engergy source is inorganic molecules; carbon source is CO2 |
| photoheterotroph | energy source light; carbon source organic compounds |
| chemoheterotroph | energy source organic compounds; carbon source organic compounds |
| nitrogen fixation | convert atmospheric nitrogen to ammonia; usually prokaryotes do this |
| extreme thermophile | live in very hot enviroments |
| extreme holaphiles | live in highly saline envrionment |
| methagens | unique way to obtain energy; produce methane from carbon dioxide and hydrogen ; live in swam and marshes |
| archael cell walls | diff from bacterial cell walls because they have no peptidoglycan; it is made of lipids whose hydrocarbon attach to glycerol in an ether linkage |
| ether bond | Any of a class of organic compounds in which two hydrocarbon groups are linked by an oxygen atom; hc chains attache to glycerol instead of fatty acids |
| nuclear envelope | present in eukarya |
| membrane enclosed organelles | present in eukarya |
| peptidoglycan in cell wall | present in bacteria |
| ubranched hydrocarbons | membrane lipids in bacteria |
| some branched hydrocarbons | membrane lipids of archaea |
| unbranched hydrocarbons | membrane lipids of eukarya |
| rna polymerase | bacteria; one kind and archaea and eukarya have several |
| formylmethionine | initiator a.a. for protein synthesis in bacteria |
| methionine | I.A.A. for protein synthesis for archae and eukarya |
| introns | present in archaea and eukarya; rare in bacteria |
| response to antibiotics streptomycin and chloramphenicol | archae and eukarya, growth not inhibited; bacteria growth inhibited |
| histones | present in arch and euka no in bacteria |
| circular chromosome | not present in eukarya |
| ability to grow at temperatures below 100c | only in archaea |
| nitrogen fixation | absent in eukaryotes |
| sterols | present in eukarya |
| methogenesis | present in archae |
| prokaryotic cell | a type of cell lacking a membrane enclosed nucleus and membrane enclose organelles. found in bacteria and archae |
| gas vacoul | in prokaryotic cells allows for buoyancy for floating in aquatic environments |
| inclusion bodies | in prokaryotic cells ;storage of phosphate groups, carbon and other stuff |
| capsules and slime layers | in prokaryotic; cells resisting to phagocytosis adherence to surfaces |
| frimbria and pilli | mating things for prokaryotic cells |
| plasma membrane | for prokaryotes location of resperation. photosynthesis; detection of chemotaxis |
| obligate aerobes | use oxygen for cellular respiration and cannot grow without it |
| facultative anaerobes | use oxygen if present but can also grow by fermentation in anarerobic environment |
| obligate anaerobes | are poisened by oxygen |
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