| Term | Definition |
|---|
| vertebrate | animal that has a vertebral column or backbone |
| cartilage | strong connective tissue that supports the body and is softer and more fllexible than bone |
| lateral line system | sensitive receptor system that enable the fish to detect gentle currents and vibrations in the water |
| swim bladder | internal gas-filled organ in many bony fishes that adjusts their buoyancy |
| nictitating membrate | moveable transparent membrane in amphibians located inside the regular eyelid; protects the surface of the eye from damage under water and keeps it moist on land |
| tympanic membrane | eardrum of amphibians inside the skull; vibrates in response to sound, allowing hearing |
| ectotherm | animal that relies on interactions with the environment to help it control body temperature |
| feather | structure made mostly of protein that develops from a pit in a bird's skin |
| endotherm | animal that generates its own body heat and controls its body temperature from within |
| crop | in earthworms, part of the digestive system in which food can be stored; in birds, structure at the lower end of the esophagus in which food is stored and moistened |
| gizzard | in earthworms, part of the digestive system in which food is ground into smaller pieces; in birds, a muscular organ that helps in the mechanical breakdown of food |
| air sac | one of several sacs attached to a bird's lungs into which air moves when a bird inhales; allows for the one-way flow of air through the respiratory system |
| mammary glands | gland in mammals that produces milk to nourish the young |
| diaphram | large, flat muscle at the bottom of the chest cavity that helps with breathing |
| monotreme | egg-laying mammal |
| marsupial | mammal that bears live young that complete their development in an external pouch |
| placenta | organ in plancental mammals through which mutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and wastes are exchanged between embryo and mother |
| prehensile | term used to refer to a long tail that can grasp branches |
| prosimian | small, nocturnal primate that has large eyes for seeing in the dark |
| opposable thumb | thumb that enables grasping objects and using tools |
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