Anthro Chapter 7
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17 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 agribusiness | large-scale business involved in food production; also known as corporate farming, it stands in contrast to smaller family-owned farms |
| agriculture | the cultivation of food plants in soil prepared and maintained for crop production. |
| carrying capacity | the number of people that the available resources can support at a given level of food-getting techniques |
| convergent evolution | the development of similar cultural adaptations to similar environmental conditions by different peoples with different ancestral cultures |
| cultural evolution | cultural change over time (not progress) |
| culture area | a geographic region in which a number of societies follow similar patterns of life |
| culture core | cultural features that are fundamental in the society's way of making its living |
| ecosystem | a system, or a functioning whole, composed of both the natural environment and all the organisms living within it |
| food foraging | hunting, fishing, & gathering wild plant foods |
| horticulture | cultivation of crops carried out with simple hand tools such as digging sticks or hoes |
| Neolithic | The New Stone Age; prehistoric period begining about 10,000 years ago in which peoples possessed tone-technologies and depended on domesticated plants and/or animals |
| Neolithic revolution | the profound cultural change beginning about 10,000 years ago and associated with the early domestication of plants and animals and settlement in permanent villages |
| parallel evolution | in cultural evolution, the development of similar cultural adaptations to similar environmental conditions by peoples whose ancestral cultures were already somewhat alike |
| pastoralism | breeding and managing large herds of domesticated grazing and browsing animals |
| peasant | a rural cultivator whose surpluses are transferred to a dominant group or rulers that uses the surpluses both to underwire its own standard of living and to distribute the remainder to groups in society that do not farm but must be fed for their specific goods and services in turn |
| progress | the notion that humans are moving forward to a better, more advanced stage in their cultural development toward perfection |
| slash and burn cultivation | an extensive form of horticulture in which the natural vegetation is cut, the slash i subsequently burned, and crops are then planted among the ashes; swidden farming |
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