Endocrine System
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HPRICE0013 on August 30, 2011
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Test on Chap 17-18
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62 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Secreted by cells in a local area | Autocrine |
| Produced by a wide variety of tissues and secreted into extracellular fluid; has a localized effect of other tissues | Paracrine |
| Produced by neurons; secreted into a synaptic cleft | Neurotransmitters |
| Secreted into the blood by specialized cells; results in coordinated regulation of cell function | Endocrine |
| Hormones travel through the ______ | Bloodstream |
| Nervous System secretes ______ | Neurotransmitters |
| Amount of time it takes for half of the circulating hormone to be removed from circulation and excreted | Half-Life |
| _____-Soluble hormones include steroid hormones, thyroid hormones, and fatty acid derivative hormones | Lipid |
| Lipid Soluble hormones travel in the bloodstream bound to ______ | Binding Proteins |
| _____- Soluble hormones include protein hormones, peptide hormones, and most amino acid derivative hormones | Water |
| What type of hormone circulates as a "free hormone" b/c it can dissolve directly into the blood and are delivered to their target tissue w/o binding proteins | Water-Soluble |
| Pattern of hormone secretion that remain relatively constant over long periods of time | Chronic Hormone Secretion |
| Pattern of hormone secretion that is released in response to stress; ex: epinephrine | Acute Hormone Secretion |
| Pattern of hormone secretion which fluctuate over a month in cyclic fashion; ex: female reproductive hormones | Episodic Hormone Secretion |
| Stimulation of hormone release when the blood level of the particular molecule changes, the hormone is released in response to the molecule's concentration | Humoral Stimuli |
| Stimulation of hormone release where following action potentials, neurons release a neurotransmitter into the synapse w/ the cells that produce the hormone | Neural Stimuli |
| Stimulation of hormone release when a hormone is secreted that, in turn, stimulates the secretion of other hormones; example of negative feedback | Hormonal Stimuli |
| Type of feedback where the hormone's secretion is inhibited by the hormone itself once blood levels have reached a certain point and there is adequate hormone to activate the target cell | Negative Feedback |
| Type of feedback when a tropic hormone promotes the synthesis and secretion of the tropic hormone in addition to stimulating their target cell | Positive Feedback |
| Occurs when the number of receptors rapidly decreases after exposure to certain hormones; ex: phagocytosis | Down-Regulation |
| Results in an increase in the rate of receptor molecule synthesis in the target cells; ex: LH in ovary cells during each menstrual cycle | Up-Regulation |
| Nuclear receptors can be found in the _____ and also in the _____ | Cell nucleus and cytoplasm |
| Lipid-Soluble hormones diffuse through the _________ | Plasma Membrane |
| Lipid-Soluble hormones bind to _______ | Nuclear Receptors |
| Water-Soluble hormones bind to _______ | Membrane-Bound Receptors |
| Chemical produced inside a cell once a hormone or another chemical messenger binds to certain membrane-bound receptors | Intracellular Mediators |
| Intracellular mediator in Kidney Cells | cGMP |
| Intracellular mediator in Liver Cells | cAMP |
| Intracellular mediators in Smooth Muscle Cells | IP3, DAG |
| Secretes 9 major hormones that regulate numerous body functions and the secretory activity of several other endocrine glands; aka hypophysis | Pituitary Gland |
| Regulates the secretory activity of the pituitary gland | Hypothalamus |
| Small peptide that stimulates the secretion of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary gland | Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone; GHRH |
| Small peptide that inhibits growth hormone secretion | Growth Hormone-Inhibiting Hormone; GHIH |
| Small peptide that stimulates the secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary gland | Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone; TRH |
| Small peptide that stimulates luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone from the anterior pituitary | Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; GnRH |
| Regulate the secretion of prolactin from the anterior pituitary gland | Prolactin-Releasing Hormone & Prolactin-Inhibiting Hormone; PRH & PIH |
| Prevents the output of large amounts of urine | Antidiuretic Hormone; ADH |
| The _____ of a solution increases as the concentration of solutes in the solutes increases | Osmolality |
| ADH stimulates the kidney tubules to retain _____ | Water |
| This hormone plays an important role in milk production | Prolactin |
| This hormone stimulates the synthesis and the secretion of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland | Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone; TSH |
| Most T4 cells are converted into ____ cells | T3 |
| T3 and T4 transport | Transported through the plasma membrane into the cytoplasm of the cells. Within the cells they bind to receptor molecules in the nuclei. Thyroid hormones combined with their receptor molecules interact w/ DNA in the nucleus to influence regulatory genes and regulate protein synthesis |
| Hormone that regulates calcium levels in body fluids, stimulates osteoclast activity in bone and can cause the number of osteoclasts to increase | Parathyroid Hormone; PTH |
| Abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood | Hypocalcemia |
| Adrenal Medulla secretes two major hormones, _____ & _____ | Epinephrine and Norepinephrine |
| Epinephrine increases ____ ____ levels | Blood Glucose |
| Secretion of adrenal medullary hormones prepares the individual for physical activity and is a major component of the _____ __ _____ response | Fight-or-Flight |
| Glucocorticoids are involved in __-_____ responses | Anti-Inflammatory |
| Adrenal androgens stimulate the pubic and axillary hair growth and _____ _____ in females | Sex Drive |
| The pancreas is both and ____ gland and ____ gland | Endocrine and Exocrine |
| Pancreatic Islets secrete hormones that enter the ______ system | Circulatory |
| Alpha Cells secrete _____ | Glucagon |
| Beta Cells secrete _____ | Insulin |
| Delta Cells secrete _____ | Somatostatin |
| Low blood glucose levels _____ glucagon secretion | Stimulate |
| High blood glucose levels _____ glucagon secretion | Inhibit |
| This hormones aids in spermatogenesis, development of genitalia, and sexual behavior | Testosterone |
| Main hormones secreted by the ovaries | Estrogen and Progesterone |
| Pineal Gland secretes | Melatonin |
| Autocrine Chemical messengers are | Released from cells that influence the same cell from which they were released |
| Paracrine Chemical messengers deal a lot w/ | Inflammation |
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