| Term | Definition |
|---|
| What was life like in the early 1800s in Austria,Prussia, and the Holy Roman Empire? | German speakers live in small/medium-sized states ruled by princes |
| What happened from 1809-1812? | Napoleon dissolves the Holy Roman Empire/annexes land along the Rhine River to France |
| What does Napoleon organize the states into? | German Confederation |
| Did people approve of Napoleon's reforms? | Some did, others did not |
| What happened in 1815 at the Congress of Vienna? | German Confederation still exists, headed by Austria |
| What did Prussia do in 1830? | Creates Zollverein |
| What is Zollverein? | Economic union of Prussian states |
| Did Zollverein have tariffs/what were the governments like? | No tariffs/different governments in each state |
| What did Otto von Bismarck deliver in 1862? | blood and iron speech |
| What did Bismarck promise in his speech? | to create a unified Germany with Prussia in control |
| How did Bismarck become chancellor of Prussia? | William I king of prussia |
| What was Bismarck a master of? | Realpolitik |
| How does Bismarck build up the army? | Uses money allotted for other purposes |
| What was another name for William I? | Wilhelm I |
| What year does Prussia form an alliance? | 1864 |
| Who does Prussia form an alliance with? | Austria |
| What provinces does Prussia "liberate"? | German-speaking Schleiswig and Holstein from Denmark |
| Who won the Austro-Prussian war? | Prussia |
| What was the result of the Austro-Prussian war? | Prussia takes German states from Austria in the north |
| What strange thing does Prussia do after the Austro-Prussian War? | Allows Austria and four other German states to stay independent |
| What year did the Austro-Prussian War take place? | 1866 |
| What happened in 1866? | Austro-Prussian War |
| Who was involved in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866? | Austria and Prussia |
| Why does Prussia allow Austria and the German states to remain independent? | Does not want them to seek revenge |
| What year did the Franco-Prussian War take place? | 1870 |
| What happened in 1870? | Franco-Prussian War |
| Who was involved int he Franco-Prussian War of 1870? | France and Prussia |
| Why did the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 take place? | Bismarck intercepted a letter from William I to Napoleon III and rewrote it. Napoleon III was insulted. |
| Who wins the Franco-Prussian War of 1870? | Prussia |
| What was the intercepted letter from William I to Napoleon III called? | Ems Dispatch |
| Who intercepted the Ems Dispatch? | Bismarck |
| Who wrote the Ems Dispatch? | William I |
| Who was the Ems Dispatch to? | Napoleon III |
| What did Napoleon III do after receiving the Ems Dispatch? | He declared war on Prussia |
| What happened in 1871? | William I becomes kaiser of Germany |
| What happened after the Franco-Prussian War? | William I becomes kaiser of Germany |
| What happened after Wiliam I became kaiser? | United Germany into the Second Reich |
| What did William I do about the constitution? | New constitution written |
| What was the legislature called? | Diet |
| What was the house of Germany's legislature called that was appointed by the kaiser? | Bundesrat |
| Who were the Bundesrat appointed by? | Kaiser |
| Which house of the legislature of Germany was appointed by universal male suffrage? | Reichstag |
| Who appointed the Reichstag? | Universal male suffrage |
| In what three ways were a strong German nation built? | Economic progress, campaign against socialism, scientific development and industry |
| How did economic progress build a strong German nation? | Money makes people happy and a good economy creates a strong nation |
| How was economic progress made? | Iron and coal resources = fuel for industries |
| How else was economic progress made? | Disciplined and educated workfoce = hard workers who make good products that other people will want to buy |
| Why did railroads create economic progress? | Ship goods more efficiently = people can transport their goods faster and people can buy things more quickly = cheap transportation |
| How did scientific development and industry create a strong German nation? | The single currency = makes it easier on people = encourages trade among different German states |
| How else did scientific and industrial development make Germany a strong nation? | Raised tariffs on foregin products = protected domestic industries = people are more likely to buy cheaper German goods = stronger economy and more jobs to make those goods |
| How did the campaign against socialism make Germany a strong nation? | Bismark didn't like the idea of workers being in charge and felt threatened by socialasts who wanted to hae a violent revolution = he bans books/meetings/newspapers of socialists. socialists gain power as workers unite and the government eventually grants workers rights like health insurance, pension plans, and fair working conditions - it made the people happy, making them work harder and support the government more (who granted them these rights). = strong because more support |
| Who Was William II? | finish |
| Who was Giuseppe Mazzini? | Founded young Italy and wanted to make Italy a united nation by having a revolution - "one, free, republic Italy" that would benefit trade |
| What method did Giuseppe Mazzini use to pursue his ideas? | Set up a revolutionary republic in Rome |
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