History Quiz 2
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43 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Fertile Crescent | an arc of land from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf |
| 2 parts to the Fertile Crescent | Mesopotamia Land along the Mediterranean Sea |
| Mesopotamia | Located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers |
| Modern day countries located in the Fertile Crescent | Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan |
| Impact of geography in the Ancient Middle East | Tigris and Euphrates Rivers provides water Open plains invasions constantly happening and cultural diffusion happens |
| Sumerians | c. 3000 BCE First civilization in history First civilization to flourish in Fertile Crescent |
| City-State | a political unit that includes a town or a city and the surrounding land controlled by it |
| Ziggurat | a Sumerian temple made of sun-dried brick that was dedicated to the chief god or goddess of a particular city-state |
| Polytheism | The belief in many gods |
| Dynasty | a family of rulers who right to rule is hereditary |
| Afterlife view: | Bad relationships with gods Bad because of their relations with gods Troublesome relationship |
| Cuneiform | Sumerian writing |
| Behistun Rock | Write a deceleration - about who he is Carved in cuneiform and in Persian Sir Henry Rawlinson- climbs up rock - knows Persian to translate Cuneiform Without would not be able to read |
| Epic of Gilgamesh | Gilgamesh was looking for immortality and is telling the story Similarities to Old Testament Silver and gold were probably very important to them Significance Oldest literature (4-5 thousand years old) Says so much about Samaritans Flood Story - so many people have had a flood story - proof that there might have been an actual flood Theory-Could be the black sea- people at the bottom of the Black Sea |
| Technology/knowledge | The wheel Math (especially geometry), 60 min in and hour, writings, human body, tools(bronze), Writing System |
| Cuneiform | "wedged shaped" based on wedges - stylists and clay tablets - put in sun and hardened 2000 symbols - simplified to 500 symbols Each represented words or sounds - don't speak - just write Difficult to learn Scribes only ones u needed to know it |
| Behistun Rock | Significance: Without would not be able to read cuneiform |
| Akkadians | Sargon I of Akkad First full time military system and capture Samaria (don't get along) FIRST EMPIRE EVER - less than 200 years Adapt Samarian styles Soldiers are only soldiers - 24/7 |
| Babylonians | King Hammurabi King of Babylon Most significant Took over Akkadians Hammurabi receiving laws from Marduk (Moses) (Picture on top of stone) |
| Code of Hammurabi | 1. Oldest known legal system 2. Set of laws for all the follow 3. "Published" laws on an 8ft. Tall Pillar 4. 282 laws 5. Cover criminal behavior, families, personal behavior, civil law, relationship between kids and parents and women and men 6. Patriarchy (men dominate) 7. Rich are treated better than poor 8. Incredibly Harsh 9. Violent law code 10. Physical punishment (eye for an eye punishment) |
| Hittites | Put wheels on a cart and the horse is at the front Associated with making and invention of iron Iron is cheaper, durable, faster to make, and strong The bronze age ends and Iron age begins |
| Assyrians | 2000 years of cuneiform tablets Conquer WHOLE Fertile Crescent and Egypt Have writing forms, government, art and architecture, and Social Classes Military Culture (Cruelest was to destroy/kill u) So cruel no rebellions Invented Battering Ram - Ladders - Chariots and Iron Not nice people - they will kill u painfully Ziggurat - that was a library in Nineveh - clay tablets not books That's where we found most of out texts and tablets Horrible and Cultural |
| Chaldeans | Rebuild Babylon - Assyrians Destroyed Captured Assyrians Associated with Babylon (1,000 years later) New Babylon empire Same gods and cuneiform King Nebuchadnezzar - king Babylon captivities of the Jews |
| The hanging gardens of Babylon | Greeks write about it - Don't know a lot except how the Greeks describe it Tropical plants on each layer of Ziggurat Rivers only water - Hanging Gardens Tropical Flower - almost like a dessert - should be like misty 7 WONDERS OF THE ANCIENT WORLD - Hanging Gardens of Babylon Wife was from Mediterranean Coast - wanted her to be less homesick |
| King Nebuchadnezzar | King of the Chaldeans |
| Phoenicians | Live along coast- they are being conquered Not fighters Different from others in area No adoption of religion, writings, any if that Not an empire Civilization - all 7 classes Not fighters or conquers Name of Cities Tyre - Phoenicians Byblos - Phoenicians Merchants - sailors - ship builders - traders Yes had a lot of trees and tropical |
| Accomplishments | 1) First Alphabet based on sound (no vowels) 2) Creating the Color Purple (made from purple mucus from a shell fish) (royalty) 3) Made first glasses - Glass Blowers 4) Cultural Diffusion - Spreading of Culture |
| Hebrews | Conquered people not conquers Known for Religion of Monotheism Standing alone - only Monotheism First Monotheism |
| Persians | Largest empire seen so far "The Empire" Coming from Iran Persian Language - Don't speak Arabic People of Iran are Persian Muslim but don't speak Arabic |
| Cyrus the Great | Emperor Let them keep their religion Mercy and compassion Asks for Respect and Loyalty back People happy to be a part |
| Cambyses II | Emperor Son of Cyrus Mad-Man Might be mentally ill People did not like him Killed by own men and soldiers |
| Darius I | General and inherent empire Join army - Could be from anywhere all had t be was loyal When one person died - got one more immediately Immortal Army International Army Showed Authority by building a Palace and sits on a thrown Presents himself as Emperor He built the Behistun Rock Allows him to be in several places at once Royal Road and minted coins Allowed stuff to trade for Does not want everyone to be foreigners BUILT BEHISTUN ROCK - Attempt to bring everyone together |
| Satraps | Governors Answer to the king Do what he want |
| Satrapy | Province that the Satraps rule |
| Assyrian Art | Violent Paintings |
| Persian Art | Gifts to Darius on a throne |
| Xerxes | Last strong empire Both fail to defeat Greece Declines of the Empire after Xerxes: Stop being nice and start living and taking tax money for themselves Start murdering own brothers to have the empire |
| Zoroastrianism | Zoroaster made it monotheistic |
| Dualism | good and evil = follow good or evil |
| Ahura Masda | god of goodness, light, and truth |
| Ahriman | Demon of evil - not a god |
| Avesta | The holy book like our Bible |
| How it is similar to Judaism | Monotheistic When you die you go to heaven(if good) and hell(if bad) Free Will |
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