DNA and Gene Expression
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30 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Enzyme | Protein where function is to catalyse a reaction in an organism. |
| Polypeptide | Linear chain of amino acids. |
| Peptide bond | Type of bond formed between amino acids in a polypeptide chain. |
| Hydrophobic end | Water - hating end of a molecule. |
| Hydrophilic end | Water - loving end of a molecule. |
| R group | Variable chemical group of an amino acid. |
| Carboxyl group | -COOH group of amino acid. |
| Amino group | -NH2 group of amino acid. |
| Condensation reaction | Reaction involving the removal of atoms to from a water molecule. |
| RNA processing | Removal of electrons from mRNA primary transcript and the joining exons. |
| mRNA primary transcript | Initial product of transcription, which contains introns. |
| mRNA mature transcript | Transcription product following intron removal from mRNA primary transcript. |
| Globular protien | Protein that has a sphere-like overall shape |
| Fibrous protien | Protein that has a thin, long overall shape. |
| Active site | The part of an enzyme molecule that carries out the catalystic prosesses. |
| Activation energy | Amount of energy stored in chemicals required for a reaction to be processed. |
| Locus | Position on a chromosome occupied by a gene. |
| End product | The final chemical produced after several stages of a reaction. |
| Gene induction | An inducer binds to the repressor allowing the gene to be transcribed. |
| Substrate | The chemical compound that is reacted with the enzyme. |
| Helicase | Enzyme that unwinds the DNA before and during it's replication. |
| RNA primer | Short segment of nucleotide attach on to the template strand for corresponding DNA nucleotides to follow. |
| DNA polymerase III | Catalysing the formation of DNA from it's nucleotide sub-units for both strands. |
| Gyrase | Releives the strain of the replication fork by cutting, winding and rejoining the DNA strands. |
| Okazaki fragments | Short segments of DNA formed in the replication process on lagging strand. |
| Antiparallel | Nucleotides connect onto the parent strand starting with the 3' end of the parent strand moving toward the 5' end. |
| Lagging strand | Nucleotides are assembled in segments. |
| DNA ligase | Joins DNA fragments together 'fills gap' |
| Leading strand | Nucleotides are assembled non-stop |
| DNA polymerase I | Catalysing to form nucleotide sub-units once the RNA primer is removed to fill the gaps. |
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