Chapter 2: The Nature of Sound
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Created by:
sandayyy_x3 on August 31, 2011
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41 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Brownian Motion | random high-speed movement of molecules due to their inherent energy |
| Pressure | a force that acts perpendicularly in a surface |
| positive pressure | pressure higher than atmospheric pressure |
| negative pressure | pressure lower than atmospheric pressure |
| volume velocity | rate of gas flow |
| driving pressure | difference between high and low pressure areas that causes air to flow between these areas |
| laminar flow | air that flows smoothly with molecules moving in a parallel manner and at same speed |
| turbulent flow | air that has irregular flow with random variations in pressure |
| volume | amount of space occupied in 3 dimensions |
| density | amount of mass per unit of volume |
| Boyle's law | as volume increases, pressure decreases and reverse at a constant temperature and desnity |
| compression | an area of positive pressure |
| rarefaction | an area of negative pressure |
| tympanic membrane | eardrum |
| Hooke's law | states that the restoring force o elasticity is proportional to the amount of displacement undergone by object |
| elasticity | restoring force that brings an object back to original size, shape, or position after being displaced or deformed |
| inertia | tendency of matter to remain at rest or in motion unless acted on by an outside force |
| amplitude | amount of displacement of an object from its rest position |
| damping | decrease of amplitude due to friction |
| wave front | outermost area of sound moving spherically through the air |
| waveform | graph with time on x axis and amplitude on y axis that is use to represent pressure change over time |
| frequency | rate of vibration of an object |
| Hertz | unit of measurement of frequency |
| period of a wave | tie that each cycle takes to occur |
| periodic | wave in which every cycles takes the same amount of time to occur and in which the extent of pressure changes is equal for all cycles |
| aperiodic | a wave in which individual cycles don't take the same amount of time to occur |
| wavelength | the distance covered by one complete cycle of pressure change |
| incident wave | a sound wave that is generated, travels a certain distance, then hits a boundary |
| absorption | the damping of a wave with diminishing changes in air pressure due to friction |
| reflection | a portion of sound that is not absorbed or transmitted bounces back from surface of boundary and travels in opposite direction of incident wave |
| interference | two or more waves combine with each other |
| constructive interference | increases the amplitude of the resultant wave |
| destructive interference | decreases the amplitude go the resultant wave |
| phase | relative timing of high and low pressure in waves |
| reverberation | a sound lasts slightly longer due to interference |
| simple harmonic motion | a smooth back and forth movement with a characteristic pattern of acceleration through rest position and deceleration at end point of movement |
| pure tone | a sound wave with only one frequency |
| complex sound | a wave with 2 or more frequencies |
| fundamental frequency | the lowest frequency in a complex periodic sound |
| harmonic frequencies | frequencies above the fundamental frequencey |
| Fourier analysis | mathmatical procedure to identify the individual harmonics in a complex sound |
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