| Term | Definition |
| antithesis | a direct opposite, a contrast |
| ascend | to move upward, to rise from a lower station |
| austere | strict, stern; unadorned |
| autonomous | independent, self-contained |
| banal | common, ordinary, lacking freshness, hackneyed |
| benign | not causing harm, of gentle disposition, beneficial |
| capricious | changing suddenly, fickle |
| dawdle | to waste time, to move in a lackadaisical manner, to spend time idly |
| defamation | act of harming or ruining another's reputation |
| esoteric | understood only by a small group or a select few |
| exacerbate | to aggravate, to irritate, to vex |
| extol | to praise, to glorify |
| fastidious | reflecting a meticulous or demanding attitude, critical to an extreme |
| furtive | secret in an underhanded way, stealthy |
| gregarious | sociable and outgoing |
| hypocrite | one who is insincere or deceitful |
| innate | existing from birth, inborn |
| lethargic | sluggish, languid |
| melancholy | depression of spirits |
| opaque | not allowing the passge of light, not transparent, hard to understand |
| prolific | abundantly fruitful, marked by great productivity |
| reprove | to scold or to rebuke for a misdeed usually with kindly intent |
| symmetry | balanced proportions |
| tranquil | peaceful, calm, serene |
| venerate | to honor, to revere |
| abstruse | difficult to understand, recondite, concealed |
| affable | friendly, courteious, amiable |
| audacity | excessive boldness, rashness, daring |
| contrite | extremely apologetic, remorseful, repentant |
| credulous | believing on slight evidence, gullible |
| depravity | moral corruption, a wicked or perverse act |
| deprecate | to disapprove regretfully, to belittle, to express mild disapproval |
| didactic | instructive, designed to teach |
| dormant | inactive, sleeping |
| enigmatic | mysterious, inexplicable, puzzling |
| erudite | scholarly |
| exotic | foreign, unfamiliar |
| fuse | to mix or to join (usually by melting) |
| immutable | unchanging |
| incorrigible | incapable of being reformed or improved |
| loathe | to detest |
| mitigate | to cause to become less harsh, hostile or severe |
| nullify | to cause not be in effect, to negate |
| pacifistic | opposed to war or use of force |
| pretentious | making an extravagant outward show, self-important |
| prologue | introductory remarks in a speech, play, or literary work |
| recant | to withdraw or to repudiate a statement or belief, revoke |
| servile | overly submissive |
| trepidation | fear, trembling, agitation |
| vilify | to malign, to defame, to utter abusive statements against |
| aesthetic | relating or pertaining to a sense of beauty or art |
| aloof | apart, indifferent |
| archaic | antiquated, old, out of use |
| assuage | to ease, to make less painful or burdensome, to calm |
| belie | to contradict, to give a false impression |
| contentious | quarrelsome, stirring controversy |
| daunt | to intimidate, to dismay |
| debilitate | to weaken, to enfeeble |
| discord | lack of agreement, tension, strife |
| dissemination | the act of spreading widely; scattering |
| dogmatic | strongly opinionated in an unwarranted manner |
| duplicity | double-dealing, hypocrisy |
| egocentric | self-centered, selfish |
| euphemism | substitution of an inoffensive term for one that is offensive |
| gluttonous | greedy for food and drink |
| mundane | ordinary, commonplace |
| ominous | threatening |
| petulance | unreasonable touchiness or irritability |
| pompous | exaggerated show of dignity or self-importance, bombastic |
| precocious | exceptionally early in development or occurrence |
| slothful | lazy, indolent |
| trivia | insignificant matters |
| verbose | wordy, very talkative |
| virulent | extremely poisonous; hateful |
| volatile | quickly changeable, easily vaporized |
| altruistic | unselfishly concerned for the welfare of others, generous |
| ambivalent | having contrary feelings or attitudes, uncertain as to course of action |
| angular | lean; sharp-cornered; gaunt |
| arrogant | overbearingly assuming; insolently proud |
| aversion | strong disinclination, disliking |
| discern | to differentiate between two or more things |
| disdain | intense dislike; to treat with scorn or contempt, to reject as unworthy |
| disparage | to degrade, to speak of someone or something in a derogatory manner |
| disparity | inequality, the condition or fact of being unequal in age, rank, or degree |
| embellish | to decorate, to make beautiful with ornamentation |
| engender | to cause, to produce, to create |
| innocuous | harmless, producing no injury |
| insipid | boring and stupid |
| lament | to mourn or to express sorrow in a demonstrative manner |
| laud | to praise, to extol |
| obscure | difficult to see, vague |
| ostentatious | showy, pretentious |
| prodigal | wasteful, a person given to extravagance |
| repudiate | to reject, to disown, to disavow |
| reticence | restraint in speech, reluctance to speak |
| revere | to honor, to regard with respect |
| serene | calm, placid |
| subtle | delicate, elusive, not obvious |
| superfluous | beyond what is needed or required, an overflow |
| taciturn | quiet, not verbose |
| acrimonious | caustic, bitter in nature |
| ameliorate | to make better, to relieve, to improve |
| amenable | open to or willing to follow advice or suggestion, tractable, malleable |
| amorphous | shapeless, having no definite form |
| buoyant | capable of floating; cheerful |
| cajole | to persuade with deliberate flattery, to coax, to wheedle |
| calamity | a serious event causing distress or misfortune |
| debase | to reduce in dignity or quality |
| efface | to erase, to wear away |
| elucidate | to make clear, to explain |
| ephemeral | lasting a short period of time, fleeting |
| ferocity | savagery |
| flourish | to thrive, to grow well |
| haughty | arrogant, excessively proud and vain |
| impervious | incapable of being entered or penetrated, not capable of being damaged |
| inane | lacking significance, meaning, or point; silly, insipid |
| indolence | laziness |
| infallible | incapable of error |
| inscrutable | difficult to understand, mysterious |
| languid | slow, sluggish, listless, weak |
| malice | desire to harm others |
| oblique | slanting, indirect, evasive, devious, misleading |
| opulence | wealth, affluence, abundance |
| penitent | showing or feeling regret for wrongdoing, repentant |
| perfunctory | acting routinely with little interest or care |
| antiquated | obsolete, out of fashion, no longer usable |
| arable | fit for plowing, tillable |
| ascendancy | domination; growing power |
| atrophy | to waste away, to wither |
| clandestine | secret |
| conciliate | to reconcile, to pacify, to renew a friendship |
| cursory | superficial, casual, hastily done |
| derision | scoffing at, mockery, ridicule |
| enmity | absolute hatred |
| extricate | to free, to disentangle |
| forbearance | patience, lenience |
| frivolous | lacking in seriousness or importance |
| garrulous | talkative, rambling |
| impetuous | violent, hasty, rash, impulsive |
| industrious | skillfully busy or occupied |
| infamous | having a reputation of the worst kind, vicious, notoriously bad |
| insolence | insulting or contemptuous behavior |
| levity | excessive frivolity, flippancy |
| oblivion | state of being forgotten |
| paradoxical | something that appears false of contradictory but is actually correct |
| perjury | false testimony under oath |
| rancor | bitter deep-seated ill will, enmity |
| sycophant | a self-serving flatterer, a brownnoser |
| vacillating | changing, fluctuating |
| vivid | bright, distinct, and clear |
| abhor | to regard with extreme repugnance; to detest utterly; to loathe |
| accolade | praise, an award |
| ascetic | one who leads a life of self-denial and contemplation; absent of luxury |
| bequeath | to hand down, to give or to leave in a will |
| charlatan | one who claims to know something that he does not, a quack |
| conflagration | a large fire |
| dearth | a lack, a scarcity |
| diffidence | shyness, reserve, unassertiveness |
| effervescent | showing high spirits |
| ethereal | heavenly, unusually delicate, light, lacking material substance, intangible |
| expunge | to remove, to erase |
| guile | deceitfulness, duplicity |
| implausible | not believable |
| incongruity | nonconformity, disagreement, incompatibility |
| insularity | qualities of an island; narrow-mindedness of opinion |
| morose | being sullen or gloomy |
| placate | to appease or to pacify by making concessions |
| poignant | piercing, incisive, and keen |
| provincial | lacking sophistication, narrow-minded |
| reiterate | to repeat |
| spontaneous | having no external cause, acting on impulse |
| synthesis | combining parts into a whole |
| toxic | poisonous |
| vigilant | very alert, watchful |
| voluble | ability to use words easily, fluent and glib |
| acquiesce | to give in, to comply |
| affinity | a likeness, a natural relationship, a kinship |
| blasphemous | irreverent, profane |
| buttress | a support or prop |
| circumspect | careful to consider consequences, cautious, prudent |
| corroboration | confirmation |
| deplete | to use up gradually, to lessen in amount or value |
| despotic | ruling oppressively and absolutely; tyrannical |
| emaciated | very thin (usually as a result of starvation), wasting away |
| empirical | based on observation or experiment and not on theory |
| extraneous | not essential or vital |
| fallow | inactive, plowed but not sowed |
| homogeneous | of the same kind |
| hyperbole | obvious exaggeration |
| incontrovertible | indisputable |
| irascible | irritable, easily angered, cranky, cross |
| laconic | using a minimum of words; concise to the point of seeming rude |
| magnanimity | having a lofty, generous, and courageous spirit |
| obsequious | overly attentive, like a sycophant, servile |
| proliferation | an increase in number, multiplication |
| scrupulous | very principled, very careful and conscientious |
| sublime | exalted, noble, uplifting |
| surreptitious | secret, clandestine, stealthy |
| veracity | devotion to the truth |
| zeal | enthusiasm, fervor |
| ambiguous | having more than one meaning; unclear, uncertain |
| amiable | friendly, sociable, and congenial; civil and urbane |
| crass | coarse, crude, and unrefined |
| discursive | rambling, moving from one topic to another randomly |
| docile | easily managed, obedient, passive |
| estrange | to alienate, to separate |
| exonerate | to free from blame, obligation, or responsibility; to exculpate |
| gratuitous | given freely, unwarranted |
| hypothesize | to reach a conclusion based on an assumption or something not proven |
| indignation | anger as a result of something unjust |
| induce | to bring on or to bring about |
| intractable | stubborn, difficult to manage |
| introspective | the quality of examining one's own mind or thoughts |
| lucid | easily understood, mentally sound |
| meticulous | taking great care |
| misanthrope | a hater of mankind |
| munificent | very generous |
| plagiarize | to steal and use another's writings as one's own |
| profuse | extravagantly abundant, flowing freely |
| recluse | a person who lives in solitude, a hermit |
| sated | satisfied fully, indulged to excess |
| stupefy | to dull the senses as to put into a stupor |
| terse | concise |
| transient | quickly passing, fleeting |
| virtuoso | one skilled in the fine arts as an accomplished musician, a savant |
| abstracted | removed in thought form the immediate situation, lost in one's own mind |
| adulation | extreme praise or admiration |
| adversity | misfortune, unfavorable happening |
| burgeon | to sprout, to newly emerge |
| chimera | a fantasy; a horrible creature of the imagination |
| culpable | deserving blame; guilty |
| decadent | decaying |
| entreaty | a plea, an earnest request |
| fatuous | foolish, silly in an obnoxious way, inane |
| humane | kind, compassionate, sympathetic and considerate |
| indulgent | lenient, especially toward oneself |
| ineptness | lack of competence or judgement |
| ingrate | an ungrateful person |
| inundate | to flood, to overflow |
| miser | one who lives in wretched circumstances to save and hoard money |
| nefarious | extremely wicked, evil, vicious |
| prattle | meaningless sounds, babble |
| predilection | preference |
| procrastinate | to defer action; to delay |
| stoic | a stoical person; not showing passion or feeling, indifference, impassive |
| suffrage | right to vote |
| summon | to call together, to send for or to request to appear |
| transparent | quality of being able to be seen through, clear |
| turbulence | wild or disturbing activity |
| viable | capable of working, functioning, or developing adequately |
| abet | to encourage or assist (usually an offense against justice or law) |
| agile | characterized by ability to move quickly with suppleness or grace |
| antidote | something that relieves the effects of poison |
| ascertain | to find out definitely; to determine |
| benevolence | kindness, generosity, charity |
| desolate | deserted, without inhabitants, barren |
| din | loud and discordant noises, cacophony |
| dissuade | to advise against, to talk out of |
| distend | to expand, to swell |
| enervation | weakness |
| eulogy | praise or tribute (usually to a dead person) |
| fitful | irregular |
| indelible | cannot be removed, washed away, or erased |
| inert | unable to move or act, sluggish |
| malevolence | ill will or evil intentions |
| obliterate | to remove all traces of, to do away with; to destroy completely; to cancel |
| ornate | excessively decorated |
| paucity | scarcity, fewness of number, dearth |
| piety | devotion and reverence to God |
| precarious | dangerous, risky, not a secure situation |
| prosaic | commonplace, uninspired, banal |
| quiescent | inactive, dormant |
| scintillating | sparkling, shining, or flashing |
| squalid | filthy in appearance, sordid |
| vexation | discomfort or distress |
| abridge | to shorten, to diminish |
| alacrity | prompt and cheerful response |
| antipathy | a dislike, distaste, or enmity |
| augment | to make greater or to supplement |
| bombastic | using inflated language, pompous |
| decry | to speak against, to disparage |
| eclectic | coming from a variety of diverse sources |
| enhance | to make better to improve |
| euphonious | pleasant or agreeable sound; dulcet |
| fervid | ardent, burning, impassioned |
| impecunious | without money |
| ingratiate | to make an effort to gain good favor with someone |
| luxuriant | abundant in growth, very fertile |
| paltry | trifling; petty; worthless |
| pedantry | act of showing off learning in a manner that is needless and unimaginative |
| placid | peaceful, calm |
| preclude | to make impossible |
| promontory | land or rock projecting into a body of water |
| raze | to completely destroy |
| secular | nonreligious, worldly |
| static | having no motion, showing little change |
| tact | a keen sense for what is appropriate or tasteful in delicate situations |
| torpid | sluggish, inactive, dull |
| vindicated | cleared of accusations or charges |
| vindictive | revengeful, spiteful |
| allure | to influence, sway, or entice with some tempting appeal |
| apathy | a lack of concern or feeling, indifference |
| auspicious | favorable |
| caricature | a portrayal where features are distorted, a parody |
| cordial | courteous and gracious; friendly; warm |
| cosmopolitan | dealing with the whole world |
| deplore | to regret deeply or strongly; to express or feel deep grief for |
| discrepant | disagreeing, inconsistent |
| ecstasy | extreme happiness |
| empathy | understanding or identification with another's feelings or situation |
| equivocal | ambiguous (usually intended to mislead) |
| expeditious | done with speed and efficiency |
| galvanize | to stimulate or to excite as if by an electric shock |
| implacable | incapable of being appeased |
| inimitable | not able to be imitated |
| mutability | the degree to which something is subject and likely to change |
| odious | deserving hate or condempt |
| parochial | limited in range or scope, narrow, provincial |
| penchant | a strong inclination |
| ponderous | very heavy, unwieldy from weight |
| protract | to prolong |
| replete | filled to capacity, abundantly supplied |
| soporific | something that tends to cause sleep and to dull awareness or alertness |
| strident | loud and harsh sounding |
| treachery | violation of faith; betrayal of trust; treason |