| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Crusades | A series of conflicts carried out by European Christians in the Middle Ages to regain the Holy Land from the Muslims. |
| Infidel | A term applied to Muslims during the Crusades, a non-believer. |
| Primary source | A document, record, or written account made by someone who took part in or witnessed an event. |
| Secondary source | A written account made after an event by a person who was not an eye witness. |
| Renaissance | A period of history in which a |
| Fresco | Painting on fresh plaster |
| Vernacular | The language used by the people of an area, the native language. |
| Humanist | A person who believes in the worth of an individual. |
| Reformation | A movement against the Catholic church begun by Martin Luther in 1517 which split the church into many groups. |
| Perspective | Technique to give the illusion of scale, distance, and 3 dimension on a flat surface. |
| Indulgence | Pardons from punishment for sin given to reduce the time in Purgatory. |
| Patron | A wealthy person who sponsors the arts. |
| Sect | Small groups that have their own ideas about salvation. |
| Predestination | Belief that God knows who will be saved even before people are born, and therefore guides the lives of those destined for salvation. |
| Scientific Revolution | A rapid period of change and discovery in the 1500 and 1600's. Medieval ideas were questioned and rejected. |
| Age of Exploration | By the end of the 1400's, European sea captains made voyages of exploration and set the stage for an expansion of European power around the world. |
| Black Death | A combination of the bubonic and pneumonic plague which killed one third to one half of Europe's population between 1347-1352. |
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