Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology - Ch 2
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35 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 chemistry | science that investigates matter and its interactions |
| atoms | basic particles of matter |
| matter | anything that takes up space |
| elements | made up of atoms and cannot be changed or broken down into simpler substances |
| molecule | chemical structure that contains more than one atom bonded together by shared electrons |
| compound | chemical substance made up of atoms of two or more molecules |
| metabolism | all of the chemical reactions in the body |
| catabolism | decomposition of complex molecules; covalent bond is broken and kinetic energy is released |
| anabolism | synthesis of new compounds |
| exergonic | reactions that release energy (catabolism) |
| endergonic | reactions that absorb energy (anabolism) |
| water | single most important thing for the body; accounts for 2/3 of the total body weight |
| water | the volume of the body is made up of 60 to 80 percent of this |
| water | 1) essential reactant in chemical reactions; and 2) has high heat capacity (absorbs and retains heat) |
| carbohydrates | main source of cellular fuel |
| saccharide | another name for "sugar" |
| monosaccharide | simple, pure sugar (e.g., glucose) |
| disaccharide | two simple sugars joined together (e.g., sucrose, lactose) |
| polysaccharide | lots of sugars joined together (e.g., starches) |
| lipids | fats, oils, and waxes |
| fatty acids | long chains of carbon atoms with attached hydrogen atoms and used as energy sources |
| fats | used as an energy source, for energy storage, insulation, and physical protection |
| saturated fats | triglycerides containing many hydrogen atoms |
| unsaturated fats | trigylcerides missing hydrogen atoms altogether |
| trans fat | trigylcerides missing hydrogen atoms on either side of the molecule |
| protein | most abundant organic component and a major structural component of the body |
| proteins | these provide support, structure, and framework for the body |
| proteins | these are necessary for building and repair of body |
| enzymes | catalyze reactions that sustain life by lowering activation energy; starts chemical reactions |
| DNA | double stranded helix |
| DNA | determines inherited characteristics; encodes the information needed to build proteins and control shape and physical characteristics of the body |
| RNA | cooperates to manufacture proteins using the provided information; helps to make copies of DNA |
| nucleotides | adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil |
| RNA | contains all nucleotides except for thymine - replaced with uracil |
| deoxyribose sugar | DNA is made up of nucleotide bases and _________. |
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