1.
acid: a compound that donates hydrogen ions to solutions
2.
acid precipitation: rain, snow or fog with a pH lower than 5.2
3.
adhesion: the clinging of one substance to another
4.
aqueous solution: a solution in which water is the solvent
5.
atomic mass: approximately equal to the mass number
6.
atomic number: the number of protons in an element
7.
base: a compound that accepts hydrogen ions and removes them from solution
8.
buffers: substances that minimize changes to pH
9.
chemical bonds: attractions that hold atoms close together
10.
chemical reaction: the breaking and making of chemical bonds that leads to changes in the composition of matter
11.
cohesion: the tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick together
12.
compound: a substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio
13.
electron: a subatomic particle with a single negative charge
14.
electron shells: certain energy levels where electrons move around the nucleus
15.
electronegativity: an atom's attraction for shared electrons
16.
element: a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by ordinary chemical means
17.
evaporative cooling: when a substance evaporates and the remaining surface of the liquid cools down
18.
heat: the amount of energy associated with the movement of atoms and molecules in a body of matter
19.
hydrogen bond: a bond found on a hydrogen atom
20.
ion: an atom or molecule with an electrical charge resulting from a gain or loss of one or more electrons
21.
ionic bond: a bond resulting from two ions with opposite charges attracting each other
22.
isotopes: contain the same number of protons and behave identically in chemical reactions but have different numbers of neutrons
23.
mass number: the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an element's nucleus
24.
matter: anything that occupies space and has mass
25.
molecule: two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds form this
26.
neutron: a subatomic particle that is electrically neutral or has no charge
27.
nonpolar covalent bonds: bond that is formed in molecules where the identical atoms exert an equal pull on the electrons
28.
nucleus: an atom's central core
29.
ocean acidification: Co2 dissolving in seawater lowers ocean pH
30.
pH scale: used to describe how acidic or basic a solution is
31.
polar covalent bond: a bond produced by unequal sharing of electrons
32.
polar molecule: a molecule that has an unequal distribution of charges
33.
product: material resulting from a chemical reaction
34.
proton: a subatomic particle with a single positive charge
35.
radioactive isotope: an isotope in which the nucleus decays and gives off radioactivity
36.
reactants: the starting materials in a chemical reaction
37.
salt: ionic compound, sodium chloride
38.
solute: the substance that is dissolved
39.
solution: a liquid consisting of a uniform mixture of two or more substances
40.
solvent: the dissolving agent
41.
surface tension: a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid
42.
temperature: measures the intensity of heat, the average speed of molecules
43.
trace elements: account for less than .01% of human body weight but are still essential to the body, iron
