CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY-HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS
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seaspirit_02 on September 3, 2011
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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS
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77 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 APPLICATION SOFTWARE | Programs that perform specific tasks for teh user, also called productivity software; include processing, spreadsheet, database management, graphics, and communication programs |
| ARITHMETIC-LOGIC UNIT | the part of teh central processing unit that performs arithmetic and logical operations |
| ARPAnet | a project of the Advanced Research Project Agency of the US Department of Defense; an attempt to create both a national network of scientists and a communications system that could withstand nuclear attack; later became the Internet |
| AUTOMATIC RECALCULATION | refers to the fact that when one value in a spreadsheet is changed, any cell that refers to it is automatically changed |
| BINARY DIGITS | (BITS) a one or a zero; binary digits are used to represent data and information in the computer |
| BIOMETRICS | the science that measures body characteristics; enables security devices to indentify a user by these characteristics |
| BLUETOOTH | a wireless technology that can connect digital devices from computers to medical devices to cell phones |
| BOOT | load the operating system into memory |
| CELL PHONE | the most common wireless device in use today; allows text messaging, music, videos, and telephone calls |
| CPU | contains the arithmetic-logic unit and control unit |
| COMMUNICATIONS SOFTWARE | application software that allows the connection of one computer to other computers |
| CD | high capacity optical disks store data as pits and lands burned into a plastic disk |
| COMPUTER | an electronic device that can accept data as input, process or alter them in some way, and produce useful information |
| COMPUTER LITERACY | familiarity with and knowledge about computers, the Internet, and the WWW; the ability to use computers to perform tasks in one's own field |
| CONNECTIVITY | the fact that computerse can be connected to each other |
| CONTROL UNIT | the part of the central processing unit that controls processing following the instructions of a program; it directs the movement of electronic signals between parts of the computer |
| DATABASE MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE | application software that allows the user to enter organized lists of data and easily edit, sort, and search them |
| DVD | optical medium with enormous storage capacity |
| DIGITIZE | to translate into zeroes and ones that the computer can understand |
| DIRECT-ENTRY DEVICES | Input devices including scannning and pointing devices and sensors |
| ELECTRONIC SPREADSHEETS | application software that allows the user to sotre and manipulate numbers |
| EMBEDDED COMPUTER | a single-purpose computer on a chip of silicon, which is embedded in anything from appliances to humans. An embedded computer may help run your car, microwave, pacemaker, or watch |
| EXPANSION BOARDS | circuit boards that are plugged into the expansion slots on the main circuit board; they include the electronic circuitry needed by add-on hardware |
| EXPANSION SLOTS | slots in the main circuit board that allow expansion boards to be inserted |
| EXTRANET | a corporate intranet connected to other intranets outside the corporation |
| FIREWALL | software used to protect LANs from unauthorized access through the internet |
| FIRMWARE | a computer program that is embedded in a hardware device |
| GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE | An operating environment or interface used by Windows and Macintosh OS that allows users to interact with the computer by clicking on icons with a mouse |
| HARD COPY | printed output |
| HARDWARE | the physical components fo a computer |
| HEALTHFINDER | a listing of sites handpicked by health professionals |
| INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY | includes computers, communication networks, and computer literacy |
| INPUT DEVICES | a device that translates data into a form the computer can process (bits) |
| INTERNET | a global network of networks, connecting innumerable smaller networks, computers and users |
| INTRANETS | a private corporate network that uses the same structure as the Internet and the same TCP/IP protocols |
| KEYBOARDS | an input device |
| LAN | local area network a small private network that spans a room or building |
| MAGNETIC DISK | storage medium that stores data as magnetic spots |
| MAIN CIRCUIT BOARD | MOTHERBOARD |
| MEMORY | temporary storage area used during processing; internal storage made up of RAM and ROM |
| MONITOR | screen |
| MOUSE | a direct-entry input device, pointing device; used to select items from a menu and position the insertion point |
| NETWORK | computers and other hardware devices linked together via communciations media |
| OPEN ARCHITECTURE | computer design that allows harward devices to be added by plugging expansion boards into exansion slots on the main circuit board |
| OPERATING SYSTEM | the system software that controls the basic operation of the computer hardware, manageing the resources of the computer including input and output, the execution of programs, and processor time; provides the user interface |
| OPTICAL DISKS | secondary storage device on which data are representeed by pits and lands burnt in by a laser |
| OUTPUT DEVICES | hardware that presents information in a form a human user comprehend |
| PDA | hand-held computer |
| PLOTTERS | output device that produces hard copy; used for graphics, such as maps and architectural drawings |
| PORTS | socket, usually on the back of the computer |
| PRINTERS | output device that produces hard copy |
| PROCESSOR | contains the CPU and memory; does the actual manipulation of data |
| PROGRAM | step by step instructions; also called software |
| PROTOCOLS | technical standards governing communication between computers |
| PubMed | search engine for Medline |
| RFID tags | radio frequency identification tags are becoming mroe and more common; can be incorporated into products; they receive and send a wireless signal |
| RAM | the part of temporary, volatile internal storgate that holds the work you are currently doing while you are doing it, including the program and data you are using; the operating system must be in RAM for other programs to run |
| ROM | part of internal memory; firmware; permanent instructions that the user normally cannot change |
| SCANNING DEVICES | direct-entry input devices; include fax machines, optical character recognition, optical mark recognition, magnetic ink character recognition, image scanners |
| SEARCH ENGINE | software that allows you to search the Web |
| SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICE | include disk drives and tapes drives that, with their media, allow tht emore permanent storage date, programs, and information than primary storage |
| SENSOR | a direct-entry input device that collects date directly from the environment and sends it to the computer; used to collect patient information for clinical monitoring systems |
| SOFT (DIGITAL) COPY | output on a monitor or voice output |
| SOFTWARE | programs step by step instructions to tell what the computer to do |
| SOLID-STATE MEMORY DEVICES | include flash memory cards used in notebooks, memory sticks, and very compact key chain devices; they have no moving parts, are very small, and have a high capacity. USB flash drives have a huge capacity for information |
| SYSTEM SOFTWARE | programs that control hardware operations and interact between the applications and the computer; includes the operating system, utility programs, and language translators |
| SYSTEM UNIT | processor, contains the CPU and memory |
| TELECOMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS | network using telephone lines as media |
| TCP/IP | the protocols that govern the internet |
| URL | address of a Web page |
| USER INTERFACE | Operating Environment defines how the user communicates with the computer |
| WEB BROWSER | software needed to browse the web |
| WEBSITES | files in which information on the Web is stored |
| WAN | a network that may span a state, country or even the world |
| WI-FI | a wireless technology that allows you to connect a PDA to a network if you are close enought to a Wi-Fi access point |
| WORD PROCESSING SOFTWARE | application software that allows the user to create, edit, format, save, retrieve, and print text documents |
| WWW | the part of the Internet that is most accessible and easiest to navigate, organized as sites with hyperlinks to one another |
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