AP European History: Unit Two: Wars of Religion, French Civil Religious Wars
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edward1618 on September 3, 2011
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13 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Boy Kings | When in 1559 the French Valois King Henry II was killed accidentally in a jousting accident, his heirs were three young boys, the eldest only 15. Henry's widow, Catherine de Medici, acted as regent for weak sons and attempted to govern a distracted country for the royal sons - Francis-m. Mary Q. of Scots(d. 1560), Charles IX(d. 1575) and Henry III(d. 1589). |
| Huguenot | French version of Calvinism, minority support but attracted nobility - almost 1/3 betwn. 1560s and 1570s. Trickle down to peasants. In SW France Protestantism spread as general movt. Also, many towns throughout Fr. turned to Hug. - mng MC conversion. Francis I and HIII opposed Hugs. threat to monarchy(didn't defer to govt.). Chas IX starting to be influenced. |
| Catherine De Medici | Mother of "boy kings" and regent. Strong influence on govt. during second half of 16th C. At first tried to reconcile opposing parties. Opposed to Hugs. but recognized threat of Guises who wished to govern France. Permitted St. B's Day Massacre after arranging marriage of Marie de Medici to Henry of Navarre. |
| Admiral de Coligny | Member of Fr. nobility who was a leader of the Hugs. and had influence over the young King Charles IX. Led wedding party to Paris in 1572. Was killed in St. B's Day Massacre. Coligny's head sent to Pope who returned a Golden Rose in gratitude. |
| Three Henrys | Henry III, Henry Duke of Guise and Henry of Navarre. First was King(Valois), Second was of the powerful Guise family - very R.C. and wanting to gain throne of France, and Henry of Navarre who was from SW France(Pyrenees)-a Bourbon- who was a Hug. convert. Conflict betwn. the three - War of the Three Henrys - ended up with H of N siding with HIII who had H of G assassinated. A Guise plot assass. H III who, on his deathbed, willed throne to H of N who eventually agreed to convert(again) and assume throne as H IV(Paris is worth a mass). |
| Politiques | among Caths. and Prots there developed a group, known as pols., who concluded that too much was being made of religion and there should be room for two churches in order to reestablish civil order. H. of N. was, at heart, a politique. Willing to give up religion to end bloodshed and bring civil order back to his country. |
| St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre | Aug. 24, 1572. At signal of C de M, massacre of Hugs. in Paris for wedding of H of N to Queen's daughter. 1,000s massacred in Paris alone, then spread to Provs. C de M trying to eliminate 1 side of triangle in which she was losing control. Philip II celebrated, Pope sent gold rose and Eliz. I wore black. |
| Jean Bodin | (1530-1596) French political philosopher. Politique persausion. Devd. modern theory of sovereignty. In every society must be one authority strong enough to give law and order to all others, with their consent if possible, without it if necessary. Thus from disorders of religious wars in France germinated idea of royal absolutism and sovereign state. |
| Edict of Nantes | 1598, granted by H IV, former Hug. Allowed every noble to choose relig. of his household. And Prot. to be practiced in towns where it was the majority relig. but barred it from Catholic episcopal towns and from Paris. Same civil rts. as caths. and allowed fortified towns. Sign of religious toleration. |
| Parlement | supreme law courts, of Paris, Bordeauz, Toulouse, Aix, and Rennes all refused to recognize the Edict of Nantes as law of the land. King HIV had to force relig. toleration on his country.Had to silent parlements. |
| Estates General | After d. of HIV by assassin, widow, Marie de Medici, forced into calling E-G by nobility and high clergy. Conflicting and mutually distrustful interest competed in E-G, MdM dismissed them in 1615and weren't called again until just before French Revolution. |
| Rebellion de La Rochelle | under reign of LXIII, regency of MdM and influence of Cardinal Richelieu, the Hugs. of La Rochelle, Fr. W. Coast, rebelled under Duke of Rohan. CR sent troops, took year to capture city. (1627-29) |
| Peace of Alais | (1629) Hugs. lost fortified cities, armies and all military and territorial rights. It amended the Edict of Nantes. Prots allowed to keep religion but not share in instruments of power. So lost armies, fortified towns, and all military and territorial rights BUT kepts religious and civil rights. (These would not be molested for another 50 years. ) |
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