Unit 1: Ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China
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Created by:
jmweiland Plus on September 4, 2011
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This set deals with information on Ancient Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China
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75 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Neolithic Revolution | beginning of agriculture |
| 8000 BC | When was the Neolithic Revolution? |
| animism | Religion spirits given to inanimate objects |
| work 7 hours every 3 days, men and women equal, little warfare | Benefits of Hunters & Gatherers (3) |
| no stable food supply, 2.5 miles per person so limited number of people | Downside of Hunters & Gatherers (2) |
| Bering Land Bridge | How did the native Americans get to America? |
| population increase, retreat of big game | Two things that caused the Neolithic Revolution |
| China, Middle East, Americas | Three places were agriculture developed independently |
| slash-and-burn | How were forests cleared? |
| Mesopotamia | "The land between the rivers", the Fertile Crescent, between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers |
| Sumerians | people of Mesopotamia |
| cuneiform | Type of writing from Sumerians |
| 60 | Sumerians developed a system of numbers based on |
| ziggurats | Pyramid-like temples build by Sumerians |
| 3500 BC | Year-independent city-states in Mesopotamia |
| Code of Hammurabi | One of the earliest written law codes (in Babylon) |
| Epic of Gilgamesh | Babylonians book about creation |
| Hebrews | 1400 BC: Semitic-speaking people from Arabian Desert settled in Palestine: called |
| Assyrians, Babylon, Palestine, Persians | Hebrews were driven out of their land by _____________, exiled to ___________, and later allowed to return back to ______________ by the ____________ |
| Moses | led the Hebrews out of slavery in Egypt and received the Ten Commandments from God |
| monotheistic | Jews were |
| Abraham | God made a covenant with ______________, the "father" of Judaism |
| Phoenicians | purple dye, skilled shipbuilders and navigators to trade throughout the Mediterranean, alphabet based on sounds, first government to mint coins |
| Assyrians | first to have iron weapons-vicious warriors, large and cruel army who ruled by terror |
| absolute monarchy/theocracy | The Egyptian government |
| Pharaoh | In Egypt, the gods' representation on Earth |
| mummified, pyramids | Pharaohs were _______________ and buried in ____________ |
| hieroglyphics | Egyptian form of writing |
| geometry | Egyptians built using |
| papyrus | Egyptians invented first paper called |
| Himalayas and Hindu Kush | India cut off from rest of world by (2) |
| Khyber Pass | How most invaders got into India |
| sanskirt | literary language of India |
| Vedas | major books of Hinduism |
| castes | Braham, Kshatiya, Vaishya, Sudra |
| Harappa, Mohenjo Daro | Two largest cities in India |
| varnas | Top 3 castes were __________ and reincarnated |
| pariah | outside of caste system-untouchables |
| Asoka Maurya | great warrior; conquered 2/3 of India but eventually decided peace was the better way of life and converted to Buddhism |
| Rock Edits | Asoka's Laws |
| Gupta | Empire that restored law & order; "Golden Age" of prosperity, literature, art, math, science; India=center of learning |
| Reach Nirvana | Goal of Hinduism |
| Dharma | Hinduism: duties to perform in life, determined by caste |
| Karma | Hinduism: Good and bad deeds you do |
| Moksha | Hinduism: Ultimate goal, release from reincarnation and achieving oneness with the Universe |
| Samsara | Hinduism: the level of births and deaths you are at; if you have good Karma, you will move up the level of it |
| Ganges | Hinduism: River that is holy |
| Brahma | Hinduism: Creator God |
| Shiva | Hinduism: Creator and Destroyer God |
| Vishnu | Hinduism: preserver, transcendent love God |
| Krishna | Hinduism: Lover of trickster, seducer of wives & daughters God |
| avatar | Form of god; all gods are this of Brahma |
| India | Decimal System, Vedas, Concept of Zero, and Modern Written Numbers all originated in |
| India | Buddhism originated in |
| Persians | had royal road that was more than 1500 miles long, avesta, vast empire under Darius, Zoroastrianism, Broke Europe into provinces under Satrap, believed goodness will eventually prevail |
| Xia (Shah) Dynasty | 1st Legendary Dynasty |
| Shang Dynasty | 1st dynasty to unify China, 1st to leave written records, bronze metallurgy, central rule to oversee irrigation and flood control, walled citied, elaborate palaces and tombs |
| oracle bones | system of writing in Shang Dynasty |
| Zhou Dynasty | Dynasty that beat the Shang Dynasty claiming it had the heaven's approval to rule China |
| Mandate of Heaven | claiming to have the heaven's approval to rule China |
| Zhou Dynasty | Dynasty that built roads and expanded trade, formed a cavalry, made the cross bow, Chinese writing, iron plows, irrigation, flood control |
| Qin Dynasty | Dynasty that ruled for 14 years; ruler was Qin Shi Huangdi-"first emperor"-linked existing fortification into Great Wall; unified China politically: strong central government, limiting power of nobles, uniform code of laws, physically: built roads and canals (for troops and taxes), culturally: simplified and standardized writing-all wrote same regardless of dialect |
| Han Dynasty | Dynasty that promoted Confucianism, allowed Buddhism to be introduced, established trade routes for silk and spices, and Silk Road; |
| Pan Sinica | Height of power, prosperity, and culture |
| Era of Warring States, 402-201 BC | Last 200 years of Zhou |
| filial piety | absolute respect for the parent's authority |
| family | In China, basic unit of life |
| China | where sundial, water clock, algebra, and earthquake detecting devices were invented |
| pagoda | Architecture in China |
| Kong Fu Zi | Name of founder of Confucianism |
| Laozi | founder of Daoism |
| Daoism | religion that stresses harmony in life |
| yin and yang | Symbol for Daoism |
| ruler and subject, parent and child, husband and wife, sibling and sibling, friend and friend | 5 Relationships of Confucianism |
| Siddhartha Gautama | Founder of Buddhism |
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