Cell Structure
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29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Absorption | The taking in of materials by cells or tissues |
| Active transport | The process of movement from lesser concentration to greater concentration; requires energy; ATP ex )absorption of glucose from food by cells of the small intestine |
| Aerobic | Requiring oxygen |
| Cell membrane | Made up of phospholipids, protein, and cholesterol that forms the outer boundry of the cell. Regulates passage of materials into and out of cell |
| Chromosomes | Structures made of DNA and protein within the nucleus of a cell |
| Cytoplasm | The cellular material between the nucleus and the cell membrane |
| Diffusion | The process of movement from greater concentration to lesser concentration ex) exchanges gases in lungs |
| Diploid number | total number of chromosomes, 46 |
| Filtration | The process of water and disolved material movement from higher pressure to lower pressure |
| Gametes | reproductive cells, have only half the number of chromosomes as body cells |
| Genes | A segment of DNA that is the genectic code for a particular protein and is located in a definite postion on a particular chromosome |
| Haploid number | half the total number of chromosomes, 23 |
| Meiosis | The process of cell division in which one cell with the diploid number of chromosomes divides twice to form four cells, each with the haploid number of chromosomes |
| Microvilli | Folds on the cell membrane that increase surface area for absorption |
| Mitochondria | Cell organelles in which aerobic cell respiration takes place and energy is produced; found in the cytoplasm of a cell; ATP takes place |
| Mitosis | The process of cell division in which one cell with the diploid number of chromosomes divides once to form two identical cells, each with the diploid number of chromosomes |
| Nucleus | Is the control center of cell; contains protons and neutrons |
| Osmosis | The diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane ex) absorption of water by small intestine or kidneys |
| Phagocytosis | The process in which a moving cell engulfs a particle ex) white blood cells engulf bacteria |
| Pinocytosis | The process in which a stationary cell ingests very small particles or a liquid ex) kidney tubles reabsorb small proteins |
| Selctively permeable | Permits passage of some material but not others |
| Organnells | Does the "work" of the cell |
| Phospholipids | Make up the lipid bilayer of cell membranes. |
| Transporters | Help substances enter cell |
| Isotonic | A solution with the same salt concentration as in cells |
| Hypotonic | A solution with a lower salt concentration as in cells |
| Hypertonic | A solution witha higher salt concentration as in cells |
| Facilitated diffusion | Needs a carrier or transporter to move across cell membrane from greater concentration to lesser concentration ex) intake of glucose by most cells |
| DNA | Genetic code |
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