1.
0 to 14: each whole number on the PH scale, which extends from___________, represents a tenfold difference in hydrogen ion concentration
2.
7.3 to 7.5: The normal pH of blood is___________
3.
acidic: solutions with more hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions are___________
4.
acidic hydrogen ions: water ionizes to release equal numbers of___________and basic hydroxide ions, so it is a neutral
5.
acidosis: this condition can result from severe vomiting that empties the alkaline small intestinal contents, diabetes, brain damage, impaired breathing, and lung and kidney disease
6.
acidosis: ___________, in which blood pH fall 7.0 to 7.3, makes one feel disoriented and fatigued, and breathing make become difficult
7.
acids and bases: the concentrations of these substances in body fluids are of special importance
8.
acids and bases: concentrations of ___________affect the chemical reactions that constitute many life processes, such as those controlling breathing rate
9.
alkalosis: blood pH of 7.5 to 7.8, called___________makes one feel agitated and dizzy
10.
alkalosis: this can be caused by breathing rapidly at high altitude, taking too many antacids, high fever anxiety, or mild to moderate vomiting that rids the body of stomach acid
11.
base concentrations: because of the way the bases react in water, the
concentration of hydroxide ions is a good estimate of the
total___________
12.
bases: because of the way the___________react in water, the
concentration of hydroxide ions is a good estimate of the total base concentrations
13.
bases: many___________are present in body fluids
14.
basic: solution with fewer hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions are___________ (alkaline); they have pH values greater than 7.0
15.
basic hydroxide ions: water ionizes to release equal numbers of acidic hydrogen ions and___________, so it is a neutral
16.
buffers: they combine with hydrogen ions when the ions are in excess, or as they donate hydrogen ions when these ions are depleted
17.
buffers: ___________are chemicals that resist pH change
18.
equal numbers: water ionizes to release___________of acidic hydrogen ions and basic hydroxide ions, so it is a neutral
19.
greater than: solution with fewer hydrogen ions than hydroxide ions are basic (alkaline); they have PH values___________ 7.0
20.
hydrogen ion concentration: ___________can be measured in grams of ions per liter of solution
21.
hydrogen ion concentration: as the___________ increases, the pH number decreases
22.
hydrogen ion concentration: small changes in pH can reflect large changes in___________
23.
hydrogen ions: the concentration of___________and hydroxide ions are always in balance such that if one increases, the other decreases, and vice versa
24.
hydroxide ions: because of the way the bases react in water, the
concentration of___________is a good estimate of the total base concentrations
25.
hydroxide ions: the concentration of hydrogen ions and___________are always in balance such that if one increases, the other
decreases, and vice versa
26.
hydroxide ions: the concentration of hydrogen ions and___________are always in balance such that if one increases, the other decreases, and vice versa
27.
illness: ___________results from pH changes
28.
ionizes: water___________to release equal numbers of acidic hydrogen ions in basic hydroxide ions, so it is a neutral
29.
less than: acidic solutions have pH values___________ 7.0
30.
neutral: water ionizes to release equal numbers of acidic hydrogen ions and basic hydroxide ions, so it is___________
31.
pH 7.0: a solution of pH 6.0 has 10 times the hydrogen ion concentration as a solution with___________
32.
pH is 7.0: Inside pure water, which ionizes only slightly, the hydrogen ion concentration is 0.0000001, and the___________
33.
pH of 1.0: a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration of 0.1 grams per liter has a___________
34.
pH of 2.0: a concentration of 0.01 Grams of hydrogen per liter has a___________
35.
pH of 3.0: a solution with the concentration of 0.001 grams per hydrogen per liter is___________
36.
pH range: many fluids in the human body function with the narrow___________
37.
pH scale: because hydrogen ion concentration can cover such a wide range, a shorthand system call the___________is used
