Cardiomyopathies
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Created by:
MaryBeth_V on September 5, 2011
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14 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 cardiomyopathies | major structural abnormalities, usually no known cause and limited to the myocardium, excludes valvular disease, hypertension, and coronary artery disease |
| Dilated Cardiomyopathy | ventricular chamber enlargement with impaired contractility |
| Hypertrophic Cariomyopathy | over thickening of the ventricular wall that does not relax normally but may have normal contractility |
| Restricted Cardiomyopathy | stiffened myocardium because of the infiltration of fibrous tissue results in poor diastolic function but usually normal contracility |
| Causes of DCM | -mostly idiopathic -viral myocarditis usually afflicts previously healthy people and most recover fully, but a few progress to DCM -if progresses to DCM, may be an immune problem |
| Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy | -occurs in a small number of people -not clear why, but may be that the alcohol damages mitochondrial metabolism -stopping consumption usually leads to improvement in ventricular function |
| Other possible causes of DCM | -Various toxins -Hypothyroidism -Connective Tissue diseases -Genetic Diseases |
| Pathology of DCM | -all 4 chambers usually enlarged -hypertrophy and thinned walls -poor contractility of both ventricles -symptoms of heart failure with time -dilation proceeds until the AV valves no longer behave as one way valves |
| Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy HCM | -common cause of death in young athletes during physical exhaustion -about 1 in 500 -thickening not caused by working against a large load |
| HCM | -left ventricle is strong in systole, but the thickening decreases the filling of the ventricle during diastole because of higher than normal pressures -interventricular septum is often involved -myocytes are not arranged in an orderly fashion as in hypertrophy due to high pressures-contributes to impaired relaxation |
| Cause of HCM | autosomal dominant pattern of heredity |
| Symptoms of HCM | -dyspnea because of poor filling of left ventricle leads to higher pressures in the lungs producing pulmonary congestion -angina this muscle may be using the oxygen at a highly abnormal rate leading to hypoxia (b/c heart is so big) |
| Restrictive Cardiomyopathy RCM | -less common than DCM and HCM -rigid, fibrotic ventricles -most commonly ammyloidosis which is amyloid fibrils that are deposited into tissues including the heart -may occur as part of the aging process |
| Symptoms of RCM | Heart failure symptoms: pulmonary congestion, peripheral edema, and poor prognosis |
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