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allegory A literary work in which characters, objects, or actions are used as symbols alliteration the repetition of initial sounds in successive or neighboring words analogy a comparison between similar things, often in the form of "A is to B as C is to D" antithesis the balancing of rhetorical opposites aphorism A brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life. apostrophe a technique by which a writer addresses an inanimate object, an idea, or a person who is either dead or absent. assonance the repetition of vowel sounds in words close to one another ballad a song or song-like poem that tells a story and has a regular refrain caesura a pause or break within a line of poetry chiasmus a statement consisting of two parallel parts in which the second part is structurally reversed ("Susan walked in, and out rushed Mary.") closed form A type of form or structure in poetry characterized by regularity and consistency in such elements as rhyme, line length, and metrical pattern. conceit A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects connotation the implied or associative meaning of a word denotation the literal meaning of a word consonance repetition of consonant sounds diction word choice double entendre a word or phrase having a double meaning, especially when the second meaning is risque dramatic monologue A type of poem in which a speaker addresses a silent listener. As readers, we become that silent listener. elegy a mournful poem, esp. one lamenting the dead end-stopped A term that describes a line of poetry that ends with a natural pause usually indicated by a mark of punctuation. enjambment a run-on line of poetry in which logical and grammatical sense carries over from one line into the next; there is no punctuation at the end of the line