| Term | Definition |
| wetland | the land area that is covered with a shallow area of water during some of all of the year |
| permeable | a characteristic of materials through which water easily passes |
| impermeable | a characteristic of materials through which water does not pass |
| saturated zone | the area of permeable rock or soil in which cracks and pores are totally filled with water |
| water table | the top of the saturated zone, or depth to the groundwater under Earth's surface |
| unsaturated zone | the layer of rocks and soil above the water table in which the pores contain air as well as water |
| aquifer | an underground layer of permeable rock or sediment that holds water |
| artesian well | a well in which water rises because of pressure within the aquifer |