Fallacies
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307039 Plus on September 6, 2011
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33 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Begging the Question | treating an opinion as fact |
| Non-Sequitur | drawing a conclusion from irrelevant evidence |
| Red Herring | introducing an irrelevant issue to distract readers |
| False Authority | no authority to make a case |
| Pathos Argument | using fear or pity to cloud judgement |
| Snob Appeal | appealing to wish to be better |
| Bandwagon | appealing to readers' wanting to be part of a group |
| Flattery | appealing to the readers' intelligence or taste |
| Argument Ad Populum | appealing to common values (ex. patriotism) |
| Argument Ad Hominem | attacking the opponent, not the argument |
| Hasty Generalization | asserting an opinion based on too little evidence |
| Sweeping Generalization | asserting an opinion as applying to all instances, when it may not be true always |
| Reductive Fallacy | oversimplifying causes and effects |
| Post Hoc Fallacy | assuming A caused B because A preceded B |
| Either/Or | reducing complicated questions to two black and white decisions |
| False Analogy | comparing thing that are more different than alike |
| Rhetorical Question | raises a loaded question that isn't supposed to be answered or whose answer seems obvious |
| Stereotyping | classifying people/ignoring differences and emphasizing similarities/ignoring similarities and emphasizing differences |
| False Dilemma | presents two options and demands one be chosen, assumes that the solution to an issues lies only in the choices specified |
| Statistical Fallacy | the misuse of figures, numbers, percentages, and graphs that lead to false conclusion/statistics prove nothing |
| Casual Fallacy | identifying the wrong cause of a situation |
| Faulty Sampling | samples that are not representative of the group which they are supposed to represent |
| Ignoring the Question | bring up issues that have no direct bearing on the issue at hand |
| Straw Man | reduces opponent's argument or objection |
| Quoting Out of Context | using a quote in a way it isn't meant |
| Real People Appeal | implies that "just plain folks" know better than experts |
| Sloganeering | reduces the solution to a complex problem to a single statement |
| Guilt Trip | argument tries to persuade audience to do something out a sense of guilt |
| Testimonial | endorsement of highly respected personality |
| Rationalizing | substitutes the real reason for doing something with an excuse |
| Selective Omission | not the whole truth |
| Stacking the Deck | one sided argument |
| Fallacy | misstep in logic |
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