Cell Transport Processes
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Created by:
mrparker71 Plus on January 8, 2009
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24 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 semipermeable | Allowing some substances to pass; permeable to smaller molecules but not to larger ones |
| concentration gradient | The gradual difference in the concentration of solutes in a solution between two regions |
| solute | A substance that is dissolved in a solution |
| solvent | The dissolving agent in a solution |
| diffusion | The spontaneous movement of particles from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated. |
| dynamic equilibrium | Occurs when two opposing processes proceed at the same rate (e.g. when the number of people ascending a slope on a ski lift = the number of people skiing down the slope). |
| osmosis | The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. |
| fluid mosaic | Phrase used to describe the cell membrane. (See page 80). |
| facilitated diffusion | The passage of a substance across a biological membrane down its concentration gradient, aided by specific transport proteins. (See page 82). |
| isotonic solution | A solution having the same solute concentration as another solution. (See page 83). |
| hypertonic solution | In comparing two solutions, the one with the greater concentration of solutes. (See page 83) |
| hypotonic solution | In comparing two solutions, the one with the lower concentration of solutes. (See page 83) |
| osmoregulation | The control of water balance. (See page 83) |
| passive transport | The diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane, without any input of energy. |
| active transport | The movement of a substance across a biological membrane against its conentration gradient, aided by specific transport proteins and requiring input of energy (often as ATP). |
| pinocytosis | Cellular "drinking"; a type of endocytosis in which the cell takes fluid and dissolved solutes into small membranous vesicles. |
| phagocytosis | Cellular "eating"; a type of endocytosis whereby a cell engulfs macromolecules, other cells, or particles into its cytoplasm. |
| endocytosis | The movement of materials into the cytoplasm of a cell via membranous vesicles or vacuoles. |
| exocytosis | The movement of materials out of the cytoplasm of a cell via membranous vesicles or vacuoles. |
| plasmolysis | Refers to the process in which the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall as a plant cell loses water (p. 83). |
| tonicity | Describes the tendency of a cell in a given solution to lose or gain water (p. 83). |
| flaccid | Limp. Lacking in stiffness or firmness, as in a plant cell in surroundings where there is no tendency for water to enter the cell (p. 83). |
| turgid | Means "swollen or distended", especially by fluids, as in plant cells (p. 83). |
| lyse | Refers to the bursting of an animal cell when placed in an extremely hypotonic solution (p. 83). |
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