Science test notes chapter 22 Review
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54 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 earthquake | shaking and vibration at the surface of the earth resulting from underground movement along a fault plane of from volcanic activity. |
| seismology | study of seismic waves. |
| seismic waves | vibrations that travel through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake. |
| surface waves | seismic waves that travel along the Earth's surface. |
| crust | the outer layer of the Earth, also has two parts to it the oceanic and Continental crust. |
| oceanic crust | is the part of the crust with the sea and its main rock is besalt. |
| continental crust | is the part of the crust with mountains and land its main rock is granitic. |
| Granitic | is what the continental crust is mainly made of its lighter colored and is less dense then besalt. |
| Besalt | is whet the oceanic crust is mostly made of, it is dense heavily colored and, fine-grained rock. |
| buoyant force | The upward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged object. |
| isostatict | is the process of establishing a new vertical position. |
| mantle | 2nd layer of the earth, takes up 82% of the earths volume and 65% of its mass, also separates the crust from the core. |
| Moho | the boundary between the earth's mantle and crust. |
| lithosphere | the solid, outer layer of the earth that consists of the crust and the rigid upper part of the mantle. |
| asthenosphere | The solid, plastic layer of the mantle beneath the lithosphere; made of mantle rock that flows very slowly, which allows tectonic plates to move on top of it. |
| core | the middle layer of the earth (3rd layer) has a inner and outer core and is nearly as the sun. |
| outer core | a layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of Earth.. |
| inner core | solid, dense center of the Earth . |
| continental drift | the gradual movement and formation of continents (as described by plate tectonics) also discovered by Alfred Wagener . |
| continental shelf | a gently sloping, shallow area of the ocean floor that extends outward from the edge of a continent. |
| Pangaea | large, ancient landmass that was composed of all the continents joined together. |
| ocean trenches | long, narrow, deep parts of the seafloor formed where a subducting slab bend down into Earth. |
| seafloor spreading | The process that creates new sea floor as plates move away from each other at the mid-ocean ridges. |
| magnetic stripes | evidence for seafloor spreading. |
| magnetic reversal | when Earth's magnetic poles change places. |
| magnetic striping | a pattern of alternating stripes of different directions of magnetic polarity in rock on the sea floor. |
| plate tectonics | the branch of geology studying the folding and faulting of the earth's crust. |
| plate boundaries | when plates interact with each other. |
| Divergent boundaries | tectonic plates spreading apart, new crust being formed (ex. mid-ocean ridges, rift valleys). |
| convergent boundaries | a plate boundary at which plates come together. |
| transform-fault boundaries | plates grind past eachother without destroying the lithosphere. |
| divergent plate boundaries | tectonic plates spreading apart, new crust being formed (ex. mid-ocean ridges, rift valleys). |
| magma | molten rock in the earth's crust. |
| subduction zone | The region where oceanic plates sink down into the asthenosphere. |
| epicenter | the point on the Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake. |
| tsunami | a huge destructive wave (especially one caused by an earthquake). |
| ring of fire | a major belt of volcanoes that rims the Pacific Ocean |
| plate | a rigid layer of the Earth's crust that is believed to drift slowly |
| Supernatural | above nature |
| Greeks | discovered the earth is round also figured out the diameter of the earth |
| Arab nations | learned to make glass paper metals and chemicals |
| Galileao | Copernican theory was revived by him |
| three layers of the earth | crust mantle core |
| diameter of the earth | 7922 miles |
| these features that have never been observed forming | Coal, fossil graveyards, mountains, earths rocks, planets,climate,oceans. |
| seismic waves | reflect and refracted from surfaces |
| two classification of waves | body waves and surface waves |
| body waves | travel through the earths interior |
| surface waves | travel on earths surface like ripples on water |
| P-waves | longitude, fastest traveling through any material compress and expand material (is a body wave) |
| S-waves | transverse, vibrate particals up and down and side to side, travels slowly, can only travel through solid (is a body wave) |
| Rayleigh waves | roll over and over again like ocean waves (is a surface wave) |
| Love waves | move like S-waves, shaking is horizontal which is why they have lots of damage to high buildings |
| Richard Oldam | discovered the earths core in 1906 because the way he earths waves traveled |
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