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Otto von Bismarck inaugurated social welfare programs in 1880s to prevent a socialist movement, set out to form new political and military alliances fearing French retaliation (i.e. Russia) Laissez-faire industrialists believed in a system in which the government kept a hands-off policy toward business Dreyfus Case reflected the deep divisions within French society; a jewish man was convicted of selling military secrets to a foreign power but many believed anit-Semitism was used by higher ranking judicial and military powers as a scapegoat Triple Alliance Alliance among Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy at the end of the 19th century; part of European alliance system and balance of power prior to World War I. Suffragists Those (mostly female) who were active in seeking voting rights for women as an inherent right for all individuals in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Kaiser Wilhelm II sought to reestablish a more autocratic government, supported the growth of the German military Trans-Siberan Railroad Russian government built it from Moscow to Vladivostok to knit together the vast stretches of its domain Triple Entente France was afraid of German's growing power so they created this which was an agreement between Russia and Great Britain that they would all protect eachother if German ever threatened a war against any of their countries Emmeline Pankhurst organized a suffragist movement to demand voting rights for women, made controversial tactics like breaking windows to get attention to women's rights Nicholas II believed that he alone was chosen by God to rule the Russian Empire; premitted the creation of the Duma however he didn't like the first two so he changed the law to have more conservative representatives ("The Duma is dead, long live the Duma") Franco-Prussian War unified Germany while also changing European politics; France was forced to surrender provinces, and money to Germany (caused tensions between France and Germany) The Balkans The region north of the Greek peninsula, home to various and frequently violent ethnic groups. WWI began here (Sarajevo) and it was the region of intense ethnic violence in the 1990s. Tension among Slavic people and between Christians and Muslims also have led to war. Duma Russian parliament with very limited legislative powers Alsace-Lorriane Territory taken by Germany from France as a result of the Franco Prussian war. Was later returned to France as a result of German defeat in WWI.