1st Quarter Exam Biology II
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32 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Cell Plate | Formed during plant cell division |
| Cleavage Furrow | Formed during animal cell division |
| Hypotonic Solution | Causes cell to swell; More water inside thatn outside |
| Hypertonic Solution | Causes cell to shrink; More water outside than inside |
| Isotonic Solution | No net movement of water; cell stays the same |
| Diffusion | The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
| Osmosis | The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| Facilitated Diffusion | Movement of large substances from an area of high to low concentration without energy |
| Three types of passive transport | Simple diffusion Osmosis Facilitated Diffusion |
| Two types of active transport | Endocytosis Exocytosis |
| Two types of transport | Active- requires energy and moves from a low to high concentration Passive- does not require energy and moves from an area of low to high concentration |
| Pinocytosis | Cell-drinking |
| Phagocytosis | Cell-eating |
| Asexual Reproduction | The creation of offspring carrying genetic information from a single parent |
| Cytokinesis | The process by which the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two cells |
| Cell lysis | Shrinking of cells; Cell death |
| -ase | Prefix that most enzymes end with |
| Catalase | Example of an enzyme found in the liver |
| Lock-and Key Model | Describes how an enzyme and substrate fit together in the active site |
| Substrate | A specific reactant that an enzyme acts on |
| Enzyme | Speeds up a chemical reaction |
| Active Site | A pocket or groove on the surface of the enzyme formed by only a few of the ezymes amino acids |
| Cancer | Mitosis that gets out of control and produces bad cells faster than it produces good cells |
| Proteins | Perform most of the functions of the cell membrane |
| Parts of the cell cycle | Interphase Mitosis Cytokinesis |
| Longest phase of the cell cycle | Interphase |
| Prophase | Longest phase of mitosis; Nucleus and nucleolus disappear; spindles and centromeres form |
| Metaphase | Chromosomes line up at the center of the equator of the cell |
| Melanoma | One of the deadliest cancers among Caucasians |
| Active Transport | Moves a solution against a concentration gradient |
| Malignant Tumor | An abnormally growing mass of body cells that spreads to neighboring tissues and other parts of the body |
| Ways to treat cancer | Radiation Vaccines Chemotherapy |
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