| Term | Definition |
|---|
| North Africa | fertile land, close ties to muslim world, Ottoman control weakening by 1800s |
| west africa | grassy plains, islamic reform movement-leader Usman Don Fodio, preached Jihad(holy struggle) to revive and purify-cause muslim states to rise. based on trade farming and herding. |
| west africa-asante kingdom | traded with other europeans and muslims limited power-small states join with other countries to overthrow hierarchy(europe-imperialists-exploit-no unity |
| east africa | influenced by islam. sent trading ships to red sea/persian gulf. cargo=human captives imports= ivory and copper exports=indian cloths and firearms |
| southern africa | shaka's conquests caused migrations and wars |
| the slave trade and its impact | 1787-Sierra Leone becomes colony for free slaves 1800s-europe started to outlaw slavery 1847-Liberia becomes republic. slave trade in africa continues until late 1800s(arabs and Africans) |
| explorers | Mungo Park and Richard Burton- map course of Niger nile congo, fascinated by africa's geography. little understanding of people. endured hardships |
| missionaries | went after explorers-catholic and protestant-spread christianity, built schools, medical clinics and churches. urged africans to change to western paternalistic view |
| david livingstone | explorer and missionary-opposed slave trade |
| henry stanley | journalist-went to find livingstone |
| stanley & king leopold | explore congo river basin and make trade treaties with african leaders, take claims on land |
| the berlin conference | european powers met at international conference 1884 held in berlin germany. no africans invited. acknowledged leopold's stake on lands but free trade on niger and congo rivers. europe couldn't claim unless they held government office. 20 years. ethiopia and liberia remained independent |
| the congo | leopold and others exploited congo.resources- copper, rubber, and ivory. laborers beaten- work for nothing. population declines. leopold turns over colony. Belgian congo 1908- worse abuse ended in africa. africa had little or no rule in government or economy |
| france and its territories | algeria colonies in west and central africa. took a lot of lives |
| england and the boer war | 1806 boer=dutch farmers resented british rule in Cape Colony went north; discovered gold and diamonds-set off war 1899-1902 guerilla warfare, british won. 1910-british unite cape colony and boer republics in the union of south africa. new constitution-racial segregation untile 1993 |
| italy and ethiopia | unable to conquer ethiopia |
| german lands | took land in eastern and western africa |
| zulus and asante | battled british. all hopes lost. queen asantewaa led fight against british |
| maji maji rebelleion | 1905-german fought wars against Yao and hezero? weaken by 1897 epidemic of rinderpest? scorched earth-starve locals german wins |
| ethiopia | only successful resistance. divided up amond rival princes. Menelik II began to modernize country-roads, bridges, school systems. imported weapons euopean army officers- battle of adowa killed italians. preserved independence |
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