1.
Alprostadil (PGE1): used to maintain patency of the ductus arteriosus in pediatric patients, used for impotence in urology
2.
Bimatoprost, travoprost, unoprostone: newer related drugs for use in ophthalmology
3.
Bromocriptine and cabergoline: ergot alkaloids used to treat hyperprolactinemia (reduce high levels of prolactin
4.
Corticosteroids: inhibit the production of arachidonic acid by phospholipases in the membrane by inhibition of synthesis of COX-2
5.
COX-1: found in most cells as constitutive enzyme and the prostaglandins it produces are involved in normal homeostasis
6.
COX-2: found mainly in inflammatory cells and is induced by inflammatory stimuli
7.
Cyclooxygenases: initiate biosynthesis of prostaglandins, prostacyclins and thromboxanes
8.
Dinoprostone (PGE2): used in obstetrics to ripen the cervix at term before induction of labor with oxytocin
9.
Dinoprostone and carboprost tromethamine (15-methyl-PGF-2): abortifacients
10.
Eicosanoids: act in autocrine and paracrine fashion, bind to receptors on cell surface, G protein coupled receptors (some linked to adenylyl cyclase, some PLC) -> contractile effects mediated by Calcium, relaxing effects mediated by cAMP
11.
Ergonovine IV: provokes coronary artery spasm in patients with variant angina
12.
Ergot alkaloids (ergotamine, dihydrogergotamine): produced by claviceps purpurea (grain fungus) -> affect alpha adrenoceptors, 5HT receptors and CNS dopamine receptors -> highly specific for migraine pain (triptans are preferred) but therapy with these can be effective
13.
Latanoprost (PGF2-a): derivative of PGF2-alpha used to treat glaucoma
14.
Lipoxygenases: initiate the synthesis of leukotrienes and other compounds -> associated with asthma, anaphylactic shock, cardiovascular disease (LTC4 and LTD4 are potent bronchoconstrictors in asthma
15.
Misoprostol: derivative of PGE1 -> used in combination with antiprogesterone (mifepristone) or with methotrexate as abortifacient -> also used to prevent peptic ulcers in patients who take high doses of NSAIDs
16.
NSAIDs: group of agents with antipyretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities -> act primarily by inhibiting cyclo-oxygenases
17.
Oxytocin: ergot alkaloid used to treat postpartum hemorrhage (if ineffective ergonovine or methylgonovine can be used
18.
Prostacyclin (PGI2): used in severe pulmonary HTN and to prevent platelet aggregation in dialysis machines
19.
Zafirlukast, montelukast: inhibition of the binding of LTD4 to its receptor in target tissues
20.
Zileuton: inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase