Ch 1, 2, 3
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72 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 intimate relationship | a relationship in which the behavior of each participant affects the other. includes interdependence |
| interdependence | the more the person is affected, the stronger the relations |
| personal relationship | act like yourself |
| impersonal relationship | things are structured |
| Why are intimate relationships important? | psychological; physical; social |
| psychological consequences | people in intimate relationships are generally happier than people are not in intimate relationships |
| higher levels of happiness are found in... | married people and people in happy relationships |
| when faced with a possible shock, people who were able to hold hands with their partner were... | calmer (only if in a happy relationship) |
| physical consequences | -people in happier intimate rel. live longer *they have an impact on physical health |
| social control theory | intimate rel. increase the neg consequences of deviant behavior (guys won't go out and drink as much as before he was in a relationship) |
| difference between liking and loving | -the degree of emotions -more of a reaction when your inlove |
| scientific method | one means of gathering info, making conclusions, and testing those conclusions |
| theory | general explanation about behavior |
| hypothesis | specific, testable prediction that comes from a theory and generally involved the prediction that two or more variables will be related |
| operationalization | specific, concrete way of thinking about a psychological construct |
| construct validity | the degree to which the operationalization used reflects the psychological construct of interest (matching) |
| bad construct validity of positive emotions | happiness, sadness, sorrow, joy |
| good construct validity | happiness, excitement, joy, liking |
| measurement | a means of collecting data using the operationalization of the psychological construct |
| social desirability concerns | people say they are happier than they really are |
| correlational study design | examines the degree to which variables are related to each other (taken at one point in time) |
| experimental research | rather than measuring people as they are, the researchers first put them into different groups using random assignment |
| archival research | use of pre-existing data or information to see if variables are related or groups are different |
| research hypothesis | what you are testing |
| null hypothesis | no relationship between two things (try to prove this is wrong) |
| p | the likelihood of finding the data that were found in a study if the null hypothesis is true |
| anytime p<.05... | the null hypothesis is rejected |
| ethical issues... | 1.participants time isn't wasted 2.participants answers aren't shared with others 3.participants aren't harmed by participating in study 4.participants know what to expect |
| evolutionary perspective | -idea that the mind was subject to evolutionary pressures (genes) -quantity (men) vs quality (women) |
| attachment theory | -people develop working models of attachment -secure, preoccupied, dismissive, and fear |
| preoccupied people are... | clingy |
| dismissive | not relationship people |
| Social exchange theory | people try to max. rewards while min. costs |
| comparison level | people outcome is better than what they think they could get elsewhere |
| satisfaction is high and dependence is high... | happy |
| satisfaction is high and dependence is low | low stability |
| satisfaction is low and dependence is low | unlike to last |
| satisfaction is low and dependence is high | feel unable to leave |
| Social Learning Theory | emphasizes the behaviors that partners exchange and whether they are rewarded for those behaviors |
| coercion theory | people get their partner to pay attention by engaging in neg behaviors like yelling and screaming |
| escape conditioning | people are able to stop an uncomfortable interaction by engaging in behaviors like storming out of the room or crying |
| negative reciprocity | one person is neg. so the partner is neg back |
| social ecological models | some rel. are easier to maintain due to environment |
| microsystem | people right around you (friends, family, living conditions) |
| mesosystem | culture, history, policy |
| Triarchic theory of love | love is made of intimacy, passion, and commitment |
| non-love | made of all three |
| liking | only intimacy |
| infatuation | only passion (one night stand) |
| empty | only commitment |
| romantic | intimacy and passion but no commitment |
| companionate | intimacy and commitment (BFF's) |
| fatuous | passion and commitment |
| consumate | intimacy, passion, and commitment |
| Love Styles | 6 different kinds |
| erocs | passionate love; secure attachment; emphasis on physical attraction |
| ludus | love is a game |
| storge | friendship love; friends first, then love |
| pragma | practical love; lost of qualities |
| mania | crazy love; pre-occupies; emotional rollercoaster |
| agape | rare; genuine concern for partner |
| unrequited love | one person is in love but the other person does not love them back |
| sex | biological characteristics |
| gender | non-biological characteristics |
| primary sex characteristics | diff. chromosomes; body parts |
| secondary sex characteristics | facial hair; height |
| tertiary | dress/appearance; interests |
| nature | differences based on genetics |
| nurture | differences based on learning |
| social structural theory | specialization between sexes mainly regard to labor, social construction of gender, and dispersion of resources; expectations shape behavior |
| schema | cognitive basis for expectations of others' behaviors |
| sex role identity | how people think of themselves |
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