1.
Abstract: clear, concise summary of a study; includes the study purpose, design, setting, sample size, major results, and conclusions
2.
Addresses Concerns or Priorities in Nursing: cost & efficacy of healthcare, health information, patient safety, and healthcare delivery
3.
Analysis: of formation of groups, questions addressed, and general sense of conclusions reached by the group
4.
Analyzing a Research Report: involves determining the value of the report's content; break the content into parts and examine in depth
5.
Applied Research: scientific investigation conducted to generate knowledge that will directly influence or improve clinical practice
6.
Approaches and Philosophical Basis: Phenomology, Grounded Theory, Ethnography, and Historical
7.
Assumptions: statements that are taken for granted or are considered true, even though they have not been scientifically tested
8.
Authority: a person with expertise and power who is able to influence opinion and behavior
9.
Basic Research: scientific investigation that involves the pursuit of "knowledge for knowledge's sake" or for the pleasure of learning to find the truth
10.
Comprehending a Research Report: requires that the entire study be read carefully and highlight parts of the article
11.
Concept: more specific
12.
Conceptual definition: provides a variable or conecpt with theoretical meaning
13.
Conceptual Framework: abstract; logical structure of meaning; guides development of study tested in study; enables researcher to link series of concepts that are not necessarily related
14.
Construct: more abstract concept
15.
Content of Research Report: abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and references
16.
Control: the essence of quantitative research; imposing of rules by the researcher to decrease the possibility of error, thereby increasing the probability that the study's findings are an accurate reflection of reality
17.
Currency: published within 5 years
18.
Data Analysis: reduces, organizes, and gives meaning to the data
19.
Data Based: reports of research and includes published studies and unpublished studies
20.
Data Collection: the precise, systematic gathering of information relevant to the research purpose or the specific objectives, questions, or hypotheses of a study
21.
Data Collection: observation, interview, text
22.
Data Management: description, analysis, interpretation
23.
Deductive Reasoning: moves from the general to the specific
24.
Description: critically appraise of analysis for logic and congruence with method
25.
Descriptive Research: exploration and description of phenomena in real-life situations
26.
Design: blueprint for the conduct of a study that maximizes control over factors that could interfere with the study's desired outcome
27.
Directional/Non-directional: states nature of interaction between 2 or more variables/ relationship exists but does not predict natrure of relationship
28.
Discussion: ties together the other sections of the research report and gives them meaning; includes major findings, limitations of the study, conclusions drawn from the findings, implications of the findings for nursing, and recommendations for further research
29.
Dissemination of the findings: the research report; involves examining the results from data analysis, exploring the significance of the findings, forming conclusions, generalizing the findings, considering the implications for nursing, and suggesting further studies
30.
Ethnography: used by anthropologists to study culture, defines life belonging to designated groups, and ways in which a group of people solves problems; these ways are reflected in language, dress, food, traditions, and customs
31.
Experimental Research: objective, systematic, highly controlled investigation for the purpose of predicting and controlling phenomena in nursing practice
32.
Extraneous Variables: exist in all studies and can interfere with obtaining a clear understanding of the relationships among the study variables
33.
Framework: the abstract, theoretical basis for a study that enables the researcher to link the findings to nursing's body of knowledge
34.
Grounded Theory: holds many views in common with phenomenology, how a person defines reality and relates their beliefs to behavior, attempts to define symbolic meanings as the basis for belief and behavior, and considers social groups that share meanings and defines self
35.
Higly Controlled Setting: an artificially constructed environment developed for the sole purpose of conducting research
36.
Historical: examines events of the past, searches for generalities and explanations, and nothing is new
37.
Hypotheses: directional/non-directional, simple/complex, and null/research
38.
Hypothesis: formal statement of the relationships among/between the variables in the study
39.
Inductive Reasoning: moves from the specific to the general
40.
Interpretation: researcher places the findings in a larger context and may link different themes or factors in the findings to each other
41.
Interview: open-ended; researcher may define focus of the interview but there are no fixed sequence of questions
42.
Introduction: identifies the nature and scope of the problem being investigated and provides a case for the conduct of the study; includes literature review and framework
43.
Intuition: an insight into or understanding of a situation or event as a whole that usually cannot be explained logically
44.
Knowledge (1): experistise and skills aquired by a person through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject
45.
Knowledge (2): what is known in a particular field or in total; facts and information
46.
Knowledge (3): awareness and familiarity gained by experience of a fact or situation
47.
Limitations: restrictions in a study that may decrease the credibility and generalizability of the findings
48.
Literature Review: to generate a picture of what is known and not known about a particular problem and to document why a study needs to be conducted
49.
Map or Model: graphically shows the interrelationships of the concepts and relational statements
50.
Measurement: the process of assigning "numbers to objects (or events or situations) in accord with some rule"
51.
Meta-analysis: go beyond integrated review by performing statistical analyses using summative findings from multiple published studies
52.
Methods: variables, sampling, and settings
53.
Methods: describes how the study was conducted; usually includes the study design, treatment, sample, setting, methods of measurement, and data collection process
54.
Natural (Field) Setting: an uncontrolled, real-life situation or environment
55.
Null/Research: Ho (statistical)/Ha (relationship exists)
56.
Observation: fundamental method of gathering data for qualitative studies, especially ethnography studies
57.
Operational definition: the variable can be measured or manipulated in a study
58.
Partially Controlled Setting: an environment that the researcher has manipulated or modified in some way
59.
Peer Review: scholars familiar with topic of research read and validate reports accuracy and apporpriateness
60.
Phenomenology: the person is integral with the environment, the world is shaped by and shapes the self, reality is subjective thus all experices are unique, and what is the meaning of one's experience?
61.
Philosophical Basis: directs the questions asked, the observations and the interpretation of data
62.
Philosophical framework: each type of qualitative research is guided by a particular philosophical stance
63.
Population: all elements (individuals, objects, or substances) that meet certain criteria for inclusion in a study
64.
Primary vs Secondary Sources: written by original person vs summary and quotes
65.
Problem: an area of concern where there is a gap in knowledge
66.
Problem Statement: identifies an area of concern for a particular population, indicates the significance of problem, and provides a background for the problem
67.
Process: includes a purpose, a series of actions, and a goal
68.
Process of Qualitative Research: selection of subjects, sample size, researcher/participant relationships, data collection, and data management
69.
Proposition: can be expressed at various levels of abstraction (relational statements)
70.
Purpose: rules to decrease error and more accurate refelction of reality
71.
Purpose: clear and concise statement of the goals of the study; examples would be identify, describe, and explain
72.
Qualitative: a systemic, subjective approach used to describe life experiences and give them meaning; useful in understanding abstract human experiences (pain, powerlessness and vulnerability); focuses on understanding the whole therefore "holistic" nursing
73.
Quantitative: formal, objective, rigourous, systematic process for generating numerical information
74.
Quasi-experimental Research: examine casual relationships or determine the effect of one variable on another
75.
References: includes all sources cited in the research report; list includes studies, theories, and methodology resources
76.
Relational Research: systemic investigation of relationships between or among variables
77.
Research: a scientific process that validates and refines existing knowledge and generates new knowledge that influences nursing practice
78.
Research Problem: an area of concern in which there is a gap in the knowledge base needed for nursing practice
79.
Research Purpose: generated from the problem and indentifies the specific goal of the study
80.
Researcher/Participant Relationship: has impact on collection and interpretation of data
81.
Results: presents the outcomes of the statistical tests used to analyze the study data and the significance of these outcomes; includes research purpose, questions, and hypotheses
82.
Review of Literature: currency, data based, peer review, primary vs secondary sources, and meta-analysis
83.
Review of Literature: provides with current knowledge about a topic, method, population
84.
Rigor: logic of emerging theory and clairty with which it sheds light on the studied phenomena
85.
Rigor: striving for excellence in research, and it requires discipline, adherence to detail, and strict accuracy
86.
Sample: subset of the population that is selected for a particular study, and the members of a sample are the subjects or participants
87.
Sampling: a process of selecting subjects who are representative of the population being studied
88.
Sampling: the process of selecting a group of people, events, behaviors, or other elements
89.
Selection of Subjects: in qualitative studies they are referred to as participants because withouth the participants, the researcher could not be successful in carrying out the study
90.
Setting: the location in which a study is conducted
91.
Significance: influence on nursing practice and addresses concerns or priorites in nursing
92.
Simple/Complex: 2/3 or more
93.
Steps of the Quantitative Research Process: Problem & purpose, literature review, framework, study questions (hypotheses), and study variables
94.
Structured Sources of Knowledge: Logical Thinking (Inductive & Deductive Reasoning)
95.
Study Methods: assumptions, limitations, design, population & sample, measurement, data collection & analysis, discussion, and dissemination of the findings
96.
Study Questions: statement to guide the implementation of a study
97.
Study Questions & Hypotheses: derived from the problem purpose and direct the remaining steps of the research process
98.
Study questions/hypotheses: used to bridge the gap between the more abstractly stated research problem and purpose and the study design and plan for data collection and analysis
99.
Text: written descriptions of historical events, letters, and documents related to event
100.
Theory: set of defined concepts that describe a phenomena
101.
Theory: abstract, relates concepts one to another, describe, explain, predict, & control, scope (size), and elements
102.
Theory: consists of an integrated set of defined concepts and relational statements that present a view of a phenomenon and can be used to describe, explain, predict, or control the phenomenon
103.
Tradition: include "truths" or beliefs that are based on customs and trends
104.
Trial and Error: approach with unknown outcomes that is used in a situation of uncertainty in which other sources of knowledge are unavailable
105.
Types of Quantitative Research: descriptive, relational, quasi-experimental, and experimental
106.
Types of Research: quantitative and qualitative
107.
Underlying assumption to qualitative research: the individual and their perception are inseparable
108.
Underlying assumption to qualitative research: there is not a single reality; reality is based upon perception
109.
Underlying assumption to qualitative research: what we know has meaning only within a given situation
110.
Underlying assumption to qualitative research: perception of reality changes over time
111.
Unstructured Sources of Knowledge: Tradition, Authority, Trial & Error, and Intuition
112.
Variables: concepts at various levels of abstraction that are measured, manipulated, or controlled in a study
