| Term | Definition |
|---|
| diamond | hardest mineral on earth, made from carbon, pure form of carbon |
| graphite | in pencils; bonds between different layers are very weak |
| fullerenes | form of carbon in which carbon atoms are arranged in repeating patterns |
| organic compound | generally, a compound that contains carbon |
| low | type of boiling points that most organic compounds share |
| hydrocarbon | a compound that contains only hydrogen and carbon; |
| straight, branched, or ring-shaped | way carbon chains are made up in hydrocarbons |
| flammable | burn easily, hydrocarbons are this |
| molecular formula | includes chemical symbol of elements as well as number of atoms of each element |
| structural formula | shows kind, number, and arrangement of atoms in a molecule, |
| isomer | compounds that have the same molecular formula but different strucural formula |
| saturated (hydrocarbon) | a hydrocarbon that has only single bonds and has the maximum number of hydrogens per carbon |
| unsaturated (hydrocarbon) | hydrocarbons with bonds that are higher then single and has less hydrgens then possible per carbon |
| -ane | suffix of saturated hydrocarbons |
| -ene (-yne) | suffix of unstaturated hydrocarbons |
| substituted hydrocarbon | atoms of other elements replace one or more hydrogen atoms in a hydrocarbon |
| hydroxel group | called -OH; made of hydrogen and oxygen, |
| alcohol | a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more hydroxel groups |
| organic acid | a substituted hydrocarbon that contains one or more carboxyl groups |
| carboxyl group | written -COOH |
| ester | alcohol and organic acid chemically combined |
| fruity smell | this is a way to identify esters |
| polymer | a naturally occurring or synthetic compound consisting of large molecules made up of a linked series of repeated simple monomers |
| monomer | a simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers |
| synthetic | a compound made artificially by chemical reactions |
| nutrient | substances in foods that provide energy and materials for cell development, growth, and repair |
| carbohydrate | energy rich organic compound |
| glucose | proper name for blood sugar; is taken to all parts of the body |
| complex carbohydrate | made from long chains of simple carbohydrates |
| starch | a complex carbohydrate found chiefly in seeds, fruits, tubers, roots and stem pith of plants, notably in corn, potatoes, wheat, and rice |
| cellulose | cannot be broken down by your body; passes through you; keeps digestive track healthy |
| protien | nutrient made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sometimes sulfur; needed for growth & repair |
| amino acid | protiens are polymers formed from smaller molecules called this |
| different amino acid | different protiens are made by this |
| lipid | energy-rich compounds made of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen |
| twice | how much more energy lipids release into your body gram by gram |
| fatty acid | three of these make up fats and oils |
| solid | what fats are at room temp. |
| liquid | what oils are at room temp. |
| cholestoral | a waxy substance found in all animal cells; body builds cell structure from this; excess level can contribute to heart disease |
| nucleic acid | a very large organic molecule made up of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphores; RNA and DNA are this |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid |
| DNA | deoxyribonucleic acid |
| nucleotide | building blocks of nucleic acids |
| nucleotides in DNA | difference between all living things is this |
| vitamins | organic compounds that serve as helper molecules |
| minerals | elements needed by your body |
Combine with other sets
Share on Facebook
Share on MySpace