HISTO lecture I (bcd)
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27 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Nuclear shape is based on: | cell shape and the nuclear lamina (not nuclear matrix) |
| Cisterna | Internal space of RER sacs |
| Lysozomes contain ________________. | Hydrolytic enzymes |
| Lysozyme proteins (3): | synthesized in the RER release their enzymes into the extracellular environment involved in digestion process |
| Heterophagy vs. Autophagy | Hetero - lysosomal digestion of extracellular substances (from outside) Auto - lysosomal digestion of intracellular substances (from within) |
| Components of the NUCLEUS (4): | 1) nuclear envelope 2) chromatin 3) Nucleolus 4) Nuclear matrix |
| Lysosomes (5) | 1) intracellular vesicles containing acid hydrolases 2) Enzymes synthesized in RER and packages by Golgi. 3) pH maintained at 5.0 (by H+ pumps) 4) Function: digestion 5) Special membrane resistant to enzymes (lyso-bisphosphatidic) |
| A cell with extensive SER functions in: | Lipid (steroid) synthesis |
| Functions of Golgi (4) | 1) Transfer/shuttle vesicles - RER side 2) Condensing/secretory vesicles - plasma membrane side 3) Post-trans modification (glycosilation, sulfation, phosphorylation, and some protein proteolysis) 4) Packaging, concentration, and storage |
| 3 levels of Golgi cisternae | 1) Convex (cis) face = forming or entry 2) Median 3) Concave (trans) face = mature of exit F(cis) . . ((cc . . M (trans) secretory vesicles |
| Mitochondria have a _________ membrane, in which the space between is filled with fluid similar to ________, while the space within is known as __________. | double cytosol matrix |
| Crista | Infoldings of mitochondrial inner membrane |
| Peroxisomes (3 general composition) | 1) Spherical, membrane limited organelles 2) Contain 40+ oxidative enzymes (CATALASE) 3) Crystalline nucleoid in some species |
| Peroxisome function (2) | 1) Catabolism of long-chain fatty acids 2) removal of excess hydrogen peroxide from cytosol (via catalase) 2 H2O2 to 2 H2O + O2 |
| Where does mitochondrial DNA come from? | Mothers egg |
| Cytoskeleton is made of (3): | microtubules (largest) intermediate filaments microfilaments (smallest) |
| Cytoskeleton function (2): | Structural support and shape Movement (of organelles and vesicles, cilia/flagella, or entire cell) |
| Microtubules are _______, have ______ ends, are generated from organizing centers known as __________, and are found commonly in _________ and ________. | Hollow cylinders made of tubulin polarized Centrosome-y-tubulin mitotic structures (aster fibers) cilia |
| Microfilaments are found in ________, are highly concentrated in cell _________, are made of _________, and common examples are ____________. | bundles (2D networks/3D gels) cortex actin microvilli |
| Intermediate filaments are _______-like fibers, found in _______, provide ________, are commonly associated with ________, and are found in nucleus as __________. | rope-like cytoplasm mechanical strength cell junctions (desmesomes and hemidesmesomes) lamins |
| 3 common INCLUSIONS | Glycogen Pigment granules Lipid droplets |
| White fat is ________, while brown fat is ______. | Unilocular Multilocular (generate heat) |
| Four basic tissues: | Epithelium Connective Tissue Muscle Nerve |
| Epithelium is usually a ________ of cells with little _________, typically line a ________, are _________, highly _______, layered; thus, usually __________. | tight aggregate intracellular space free space avascular innervated organized (with basal lamina and underlying CT) |
| Epithelium derives from which primary germ layer? | ALL 3 |
| 7 functions of Epithelium | Protective (epidermis, oral mucosa) Absorptive (GI lining) Secretory (GI lining, glands) Transport (kidney, salivary glands) Excretory (kidney, sweat glands) Sensory (eye and ear) Contractile (myoepithelium) |
| 2 subdivisions of Epithelium: | Surface epi (lining membranes) Glandular epi (endo/exocrine glands) |
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