1.
Albany plan: proposed by Ben Franklin; delegates for each colony; regulate trade between colonies; unity between colonies
2.
Anti-Federalists: Supported Bill of Rights; feared Constitution lead to despotism within executive branch
3.
Articles of Confederation: US congress established; US declared a confederacy; states came together for: -common defense -liberties -general welfare; separate state soveriegnty and freedom
4.
Charles de Montesquieu: separation of powers into 3 branches: judicial, executive, legislative
5.
dual federalism: a system in which both states and national gov remain supreme within their own spheres; (each group has different jobs; a.k.a. layer cake federalism)
6.
Federalist papers: purpose: to convince New Yorkers to ratify constitution (written by Hamilton, Jay and Madison)
7.
Federalists: Spported constitution; need executive branch; strong central gov
8.
Great (Connecticut) Compromise: 2 houses; 1 (based on) population, 1 (based on) equal votes for each state
9.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau: a good gov has the consent of the people ("general will")
10.
John Locke: humans have natural rights to life, liberty and property (most similar to US gov)
11.
judicial review: parts of checks and balances; supreme court determines whether gov act or follows the constitution
12.
Limited government: gov has restrictions; each person has rights gov can't take away
13.
New Jersey Plan: equal representation and regulated trade between states; limited taxation powers
14.
Popular sovereignty: (basic principal that) the people are the source of all gov power; gov can only exist with consent of the people
15.
Shay's Rebellion: after rev. war during post-war recession; lead by Daniel Shays; in protest to congress taking away people's land; occurred in Springfield cemmetary
16.
supremacy clause: all judges must follow constitution; supreme court above all other law
17.
Thomas Hobbes: human nature is prone to chaos (gov didn't like this philosophy)
18.
Three-fifths compromise: slaves counted as three-fifths people (and two-fifths property); for determining the number of states votes (in the House)
19.
Virginia plan: new gov with 3 separate branches; representation based on pop or amount of state revenue; new constitution of revised Articles of Confederation