Human Body/biology/reproduction/genetics
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44 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 hetrozygous | Is when there are 2 different alleles at the same point on a pair of chromosomes |
| homozygous | Is when there are 2 alleles which are the same at the same point on both pairs of chromosomes |
| Allele | One version of a gene at a given point along a chromosome |
| Genotype | The genetic makeup of an organism write down the percentage of each individual option that could happen |
| Phenotype | The observable traits or characteristics of an organism for example hair colour |
| Dominant | A gene that shows in an organism whenever present |
| Recessive | The gene that shows in an organism if it is the only gene present |
| Gene | The part of a chromosome that codes for one characteristic |
| What is mitosis? | when a cell produces an identical copy of the original cell |
| What is meiosis? | Special cell division to produce ganetes with only half the normal chromosomes |
| Fill in the blanks: Mitosis happens in your - and your - and mesiosis happens in - and - | 1. nose 2.toes 3.ovaries 4.testicals |
| What is a variation? | variations are differences in a particular characteristic of an organism that make each organism unique |
| what is discrete or discontinues variation? | variations are characteristics that exist in either/or from (eg tongue rolling, hitch hikers thumb) bar graphs are used |
| What is continuous variation? | are a range of characteristics that when measured from a continuous series (e.g height handspan). Line graphs are used |
| Where does fertilization in the women body occur? | oviduct |
| Once the egg is fertilized where does it travel down to? | the uterus |
| Once the fertilized egg is in the uterus it embeds itself in the lining of the womb. What is this process called ans how long does it take? | implantation, 7 days |
| The ball of cells divide and after 4 weeks it reaches which stage, and what else has developed? | early embryo, the placenta has developed |
| The imbilacal chord arrives when and what does it do?? | it arrives at 8 weeks it give nutrients to the baby directly from the mother |
| The fetus stage occurs after how many weeks? What else can we determine at this stage? | 12, the sex of the baby |
| what is asexual reproduction? | - needs one organism - off spring are identical to their parents |
| What are some disadvantages and advantages of asexual reproduction? | Advantages: Fast do need to find a partner Disadvantages: No uniqueness If a deadly disease comes around all the species would die because everyone is the same and no one is immune to it so everyone would diw |
| What are hormones? | Are chemical messengers that travel around the body in the blood stream and affect other parts of the body |
| Where do the hormones produce? | In the pituitary glands in the brain |
| Which 2 hormones are produced? | FSH and LH |
| Where does the FSH and LH travel to in girls? What then happens? | the ovaries - they start to produce eggs and the female sex hormones called ostregen, |
| Where does the FSH and LH travel to in boys? What then happens? | the testicals- it produces sperm and the male sex hormone called testosterone |
| Generally who enters puberty first girls or boys? | Girls |
| What is a chromosome? | a chromosome is when you zoom up on the nucleus of a cell . it is a combo of both parents genes - genetic info codes for what you are |
| How is gene different from chromosomes? | genes make up our DNA, they hold instructions for certain traits e.g eye colour |
| What are the stages of a menstrual cycle? | 1. 1-5 The blood lining is shed 2. 6-12 pre ovulation period 3. 13-14 ovulation 4. 15-28 post ovulation period |
| What is the first thing which happens in a menstrual cycle? | the pututury gland releases a hormone called FSH which travels in the blood to the ovaries. FSH simulates an egg to start ripening |
| What is the second thing which happens in a menstrual cycle? | As the egg ripens the follicale starts to produce the hormone ostregon which travels to the uterus where it simulates the growth of a new blood lining |
| What is the 3rd thing which happens in a menstrual cycle? | because of the high ostregon levels the putieitry gland switch from making FSH to LH which simulates ovulation |
| What is the 4th thing which happens in a menstrual cycle? | the LH causes the follicle to burst releasing an egg which is swept up into the oviduct. The empty follicle turns into a yellow baby |
| What is the 5th thing which happens in a menstrual cycle? | the follicle keeps on making ostregon and the hormone Progesterone which simulates the growth of the uterus lining in case contraception occurs |
| What is the last thing which happens in a menstrual cycle? | If the egg is not fertilized then it dies and the follicle stops making ostregon and progesterone this causes the lining of the uterus (period) |
| What are the ovaries? | They produce ova or egg cells these are the shape of walnuts |
| What are the oviducts? | Are tubes which more eggs released from an ovary across the uterus |
| What is the uterus? | the womb, is the shape and size of an upside down pear. The uterus has a space inside where a fertilized egg can develop into a baby |
| The walls of the uterus have a... | a special blood lining for nurturing the baby |
| Where is the opening of the vagina? | between the legs |
| What changes to girls come across during puberty? | Body weight and height increases Facial features can change Breasts develop and nipples change Body hair develops under arms and pubic hair grows around the genitals Hips widen to allow the baby through the pelvis at birth Menstrual cycle starts |
| What are the changes which occur in boys during puberty? | Body weight and height increases Facial features can change and facial hair starts to grow The voice box (larynx) develops to give a deeper a voice Shoulders widen and chest muscles develop in strength body hair grows in the pubic, under arms and chest |
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