| Term | Definition |
| Dred Scot v. Sanford | (1857) The court ruled that slaves are property, not people. (Before 14th amendment) |
| Plessy v. Ferguson | (1896) The courts ruled in favor of segregation -- "Seperate but Equal". |
| Schenck v. United States | (1919) The courts ruled that we don't have the right to make a seditious speech. |
| Whitney v. California | (1927) The courts ruled that a person's freedom of speech and association stops when it goes against government. |
| Mapp v. Ohio | (1961) This case extended the exclusionary rule -- evidence seized in violation of the 4th amendment cannot be used in prosecution. |
| Engel v. Vitale | (1962) -- This case ruled that governments cannot impose prayers for anyone to recite. |
| Baker v. Carr | (1962) The case ruled that the courts can force states to re-draw districts. |
| Gideon v. Wainwright | (1963) This courts ruled that every person has a right to a paid attorney under the 6th amendment if being charged with 6 months or more in prison. |
| Escobedo v. Illinois | (1964) This gave gave the right for an attorney to tell the defendant to be quiet (case related and the forerunner of Miranda v. Arizona). |
| Sheppard v. Maxwell | (1966) The courts declared that the freedom of the media stops at the right to fair trial. |
| Miranda v. Arizona | (1966) This case declared that an arrested person must be told their rights (verbally) before interrogation. |
| Katz v. United States | (1967) This case overruled Olmstead vs. United States. Police need court orders to place a wire-tap. Also, the 4th amendment applies to people, not places. |
| Gregory v. City of Chicago | (1969) The courts ruled that peaceful protest is protected by the 1st amendment. |
| Roe v. Wade | (1973) This case ruled that females have a constitutional right to abortion. |
| Jaffee v. Redmond | (1996) This case ruled that psychotherapists have the right to remain confidential with their patient's information unless the information could prevent harm. |