Amsco AP US History Chapter 4
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43 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 French and Indian War | (1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won. |
| George Washington | Led a small militia from Virginia to stop work on French Fort Duquesne. Was forced to surrender. (July 3rd, 1754) |
| Edward Braddock | General who led an army from Virginia, but was defeated (1755) |
| Albany Plan of Union (1754) | British government called for representatives from several colonies to meet in Albany, NY, to provide for an intercolonial government to recruit troops and collect taxes. (1754) Set a precedent for other revolutionary meetings. |
| Peace of Paris (1763) | Peace treaty signed to end the French and Indian War (1763) Britain gained French Canada and Spanish Florida. France gave Spain its western territory. |
| salutary neglect | Britian had exercised little direct control over the colonies and did not enforce its navigation laws This changed after the French and Indian War |
| George III; crown | King of England and member of the Whig party |
| Whigs | Dominant political party in Parliament who wanted to solve England's financial problems through the colonies |
| Parliment | Legislative house of Great Britain |
| Pontiac's Rebellion (1763) | (1763) Indian chief Pontiac led a major attack against the colonies. The British did not rely on colonial forces, but instead sent their army to deal with the rebellion |
| Proclamation Act of 1763 | Prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachain Mountains. British hoped it would prevent violence between Native Americans and colonists. The colonists were angry and disobeyed the law, moving to the west of the mountains in large numbers (1763) |
| Sugar Act (1764) | Placed taxes on goods such as foreign sugar and other luxuries |
| Quartering Act (1765) | Required the colonists to provide food and living quarters for British soldiers in the colonies |
| Stamp Act (1765) | Required that revenue stamps be placed on almost all printed paper. First direct tax paid by the people. Boycotts were effective in repealing this Act. |
| Patrick Henry | Young Virginian lawyer who coined the phrase "No taxation without representation" in his speech to the House of Burgesses |
| Stamp Act Congress | Representatives from nine colonies met in NY (1765), and decided that only their own elected representatives had the power to approve taxes |
| Sons and Daughters of Liberty | Secret society who intimidated tax agents; tarred and feathered some tax collectors |
| Declaratory Act (1766) | Asserted that Parliament had the right to tax and make laws for the colonies in all cases whatsoever |
| Townshend Acts (1767) | Acts which enacted new taxes to be collected on imports of tea, glass, and paper. Also created the writs of assistance to help people search homes for smuggled items. |
| writs of assistance | A general license to search anywhere; used to search private homes for smuggled goods |
| John Dickinson: Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania | Work of literature in which Dickinson argued that no taxation without representation was an important principle of English law |
| Samuel Adams | In 1768, he wrote the Massachusetts Circular Letter with James Otis |
| James Otis | In 1768, he wrote the Massachusetts Circular Letter with Samuel Adams |
| Massachusetts Circular Letter | Letter which urged the colonies to petition Parliament to repeal the Townshend Acts. British officials ordered it retracted and threatened to do away with the Massachusetts legislative government and increase the number of troops in Boston |
| Lord Frederick North | New prime minister of Britain, urged Parliment to repeal the Townshend Acts |
| Boston Massacre (1770) | (1770) British guards, harrassed by colonists, fire into a crowd, killing five people |
| Crispus Attacks | An African American man who was one of the five people killed in the Boston Massacre |
| Committees of Correspondence | Initiated by Samuel Adams (1772), these spread news of suspicious acts by the British throughout the colonies |
| Gaspee incident | British customs ship, which had caught many smugglers, ran aground and colonists dressed as Indians drove everyone off the boat, then burned it |
| Tea Act (1773) | Lowered the price of tea, but still had a very small tax on it. Colonists still refused to buy it on principle |
| Boston Tea Party (1773) | In December 1773, colonists dressed as Indians threw 342 chests of imported tea into the harbor |
| Intolerable Acts | Colonist name for the Coercive Acts |
| Coercive Acts (1774) | A series of acts made to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party |
| Port Act | Act which closed the port of Boston, prohibiting trade in and out ot the harbor until the destroyed tea was paid for |
| Massachusetts Government Act | Act which reduced the power of the Massachusetts legislature while increasing the power of the royal governor |
| Administration of Justice Act | Act which allowed royal officials accused of crimes to be tried in England instead of the colonies |
| Quartering Act | This expanded a previous act, allowing British soldiers to be quartered in private homes |
| Quebec Act (1774) | Established Roman Catholicism as the official religion of Quebec, set up a government for Quebec and set the border at the Ohio River |
| Enlightenment | A European movement in literature and philosophy; used human reasoning to solve problems |
| Deism | Believe that God established natural laws in creating the universe, but that the role of divine intervention in human affairs was minimal |
| rationalism | Trusted human reason to solve the many problems of life and society; emphasized reason, science, and respect for humanity |
| John Locke | English philosopher who said that all people have rights, simply because they are human and that people have a right and a responsibility to revolt against any government that failed to protect their rights |
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | French philosopher |
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