Human Cell Biology
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Created by:
voluvnarmywf on September 9, 2011
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Description:
Cell structures, names, purposes, etc of cells found within the human body
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20 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Golgi Apparatus | composed of cisternae; modifies, sorts, packages, and transports proteins received from the rough ER |
| Rough ER | A network of interconnected membranous sacs in a eukaryotic cell's cytoplasm; covered with ribosomes that make membrane proteins and secretory proteins. |
| Smooth ER | synthesis of lipids, phospholipids and steroid sex hormones-help detoxify drugs and poisons (liver cells) involves adding hydroxyl groups to drugs to make soluble and easier to flush from body |
| Purine | a nitrogenous base that has a double-ring structure; one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; either adenine or guanine |
| Pyrimidine | a nitrogenous base that has a single-ring structure; one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; thymine, cytosine, or uracil |
| Lysosome | membrane-bound sac containing digestive enzymes that can break down proteins, nucleic acids, and polysaccharides |
| Plasma Membrane | flexible boundary between the cell and its environment; allows materials such as water and nutrients to enter and waste products to leave; formed of a phospholipid bilayer |
| Cytoplasm | a jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended |
| Cytoskeleton | a microscopic network of actin filaments and microtubules in the cytoplasm of many living cells that gives the cell shape and coherence |
| Centrosome | Material present in the cytoplasm of all eukaryotic cells, important during cell division; the microtubule-organizing center |
| Cilia | short structures projecting from a cell and containing bundles of microtubules that move a cell through its surroundings or move fluid over the cell's surface |
| Membrane Proteins | proteins that function in transport, enzymatic activity, signal transduction, cell-cell recognition, intercellular joining, attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix |
| Integral Proteins | Typically transmembrane proteins with hydrophobic regions that completely span the hydrophobic interior of the membrane. |
| Peripheral Proteins | A protein appendage loosely bound to the surface of a membrane and not embedded in the lipid bilayer |
| Glycoprotein | a conjugated protein having a carbohydrate component |
| Glycocalyx | Comprise the outer layer of the cell membrane and are formed by the carbohydrate portions of the proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and glycolipids. Functions include lubrication and protection, anchoring and locomotion, specificity in binding, and recognition |
| Ribosomes | non membrane bound organelles responsible for protein synthesis |
| Nucleolus | The organelle where ribosomes are made, synthesized and partially assembled, located in the nucleus |
| Lipid Bilayer | structure of membrane, two sheets of lipid molcules with tails pointed inward, proteins embedded in bilayer (serve as channels) along with carbohydrate molecules (id markers - recognition) |
| Mitochondria | Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of ATP (energy) production |
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