| Term | Definition |
|---|
| atom | smallest particle of an element that can exist either alone or in combination with other atoms |
| atomic mass | the mass of an atom |
| atomic number | number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element |
| average atomic mass | the weighted average of the atomic massed of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element |
| electron | negatively charged particle |
| proton | positively charged particle, found in nuclei |
| neutron | neutrally charged particle, found in nuclei |
| nucleus | contains nearly all of atom's mass, positively charged |
| isotope | atoms of the same element that have different masses |
| law of multiple proportions | if two or more different compounds are composed of the same two elements, the masses of the second element combined with a certain mass of the first element can be expressed as rations of small whole numbers |
| mass number | total number of protons and neutrons in the nuclei of an isotope |
| nucleons | protons and neutrons in an atom |
| half-life | length of time during which half of a given number of atoms of a radioactive nuclide decay |
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