| Term | Definition |
|---|
| Trazodone, Nefazodone | Antidepressants; Inhibit reuptake of 5-HT, block post-synaptic 5-HT2 receptors (2) |
| Bupropion | Antidepressant; Inhibits DA, 5-HT, and NE uptake |
| Mirtazapine | Antidepressant; Alpha2 antagonist (increased NE and 5-HT), H1 receptor antagonist |
| Fluoxetine, Sertraline | Antidepressants; SSRIs (can inhibit P-450s, anorgasmia) (2) |
| Venlafaxine, Duloxetine | Antidepressants; SNRIs (2) |
| Amitriptyline, Nortriptyline, Imipramine, Desipramine | Antidepressants; TCAs (4) |
| Tranylcypromine, Phenelzine, Isocarboxazid | Antidepressants; MAOIs (nonselective)--Atypical depression (3) |
| Selegiline | Antidepressant; MAOI (type b) |
| Lithium, Valproic acid, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine | Antidepressants; For bipolar patients (4) |
| Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, Oxcarbazepine, Phenobarbital, Gabapentin, Tiagabine, Levetiracetam, Felbamate | Antiepileptics; For partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizures (8) |
| Ethosuximide | Antiepileptic; For absence seizures |
| Valproic acid, Lamotrigine, Topiramate, Zonisamide | Antiepileptics; For a variety of seizure types (4) |
| Lorazepam, Diazepam, Fosphenytoin | Antiepileptics; For status epilepticus (3) |
| Vigabatrin, Corticotropin, Prednisone | Antiepileptics; For infantile spasms (3) |
| Anakinra | Immunomodulators; Cytokines and growth factors; Cytokine antagonists; IL-1 receptor antagonist |
| Terbutaline, albuterol, salmeterol | Asthma; Bronchodilators; Beta-adrenergic agonists (3) |
| Ipratropium | Asthma; Bronchodilators; Muscarinic antagonist |
| Theophylline, aminophylline | Asthma; Bronchodilators; Methylxanthines (2) |
| Beclomethasone, fluticasone, budesonide, prednisone | Asthma; Anti-inflammatory agents; corticosteroids (4) |
| Zileuton, zafirlukast, montelukast | Asthma; Anti-inflammatory agents; Leukotriene pathway modifiers (3) |
| Cromolyn, nedocromil | Asthma; Anti-inflammatory agents; release inhibitors (2) |
| Omalizumab | Asthma; Anti-inflammatory agents; anti-IgE therapy |
| Dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, meclizine, promethazine, fexofenadine, loratadine | Autocoids; Antihistamines (6) |
| Dramamine | Autocoids; Antihistamines; Dimenhydrinate trade name |
| Benadryl | Autocoids; Antihistamines; Diphenhydramine trade name |
| Antivert | Autocoids; Antihistamines; Meclizine trade name |
| Phenergan | Autocoids; Antihistamines; Promethazine trade name |
| Allegra | Autocoids; Antihistamines; Fexofenadine trade name |
| Claritin | Autocoids; Antihistamines; Loratadine trade name |
| Sumatriptan | Autocoids; Biogenic Amines; Triptans; For migraine use; 5-HT1 agonist |
| Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) | GI drugs; Mucosal protective agent |
| Cimetidine, Ranitidine | GI drugs; H2-receptor antagonists (2) |
| Omeprazole, esomeprazole, rabeprazole | Proton pump inhibitors (3) |
| Misoprostol | GI drugs; Prostaglandin (prostaglandin E1 analog), abortifactant |
| Metoclopramide | GI drugs; Prokinetic agent (D2 antagonist, 5-HT3 antagonist, 5-HT4 agonist) |
| Metoclopramide, chlorpromazine, prochlorperazine, promethazine, droperidol | GI drugs; Antiemetics; D2 receptor antagonists (5) |
| Odansetron, granisetron, palonsetron | GI drugs; Antiemetics; 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (3) |
| aprepitant | GI drugs; Antiemetics; Substance P antagonist |
| Dimenhydrinate | GI drugs; Antiemetics; H1 antihistamine |
| Nabilone | GI drugs; Antiemetics; Cannabinoid |
| Sulfasalazine, mesalamine | GI drugs; Inflammatory bowel disease (2) |
| Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus, Pimecrolimus | Immunomodulators; Calcineurin inhibitors (3) |
| Sirolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, leflunomide, thalidomide | Immunomodulators; Regulators of cytokine response (4) |
| Azathioprine | Immunomodulators; Purine analog |
| Methotrexate | Immunomodulators; For autoimmune diseases |
| Glatiramer | Immunomodulators; Similar to myelin basic protein; for MS |
| Anakinra | Immunomodulators; Cytokine antagonist |
| Leflunomide | Immunomodulators; Regulators of cytokine response; inhibits dihydroorotate dehyrogenase |
| Infliximab | Immunomodulators; Monoclonal antibodies; monoclonal antibody against TNFalpha used to treat Crohns, UC, RA, ankylosing spondylitis |
| Chlorpromazine, haloperidol | Typical antipsychotics (2) |
| Risperidone, Clozapine, Olanzapine, Quetiapine, Ziprasidone | Atypical antipsychotics (5) |
| Aripiprazole | Antipsychotics; Dopamine system stabilizer; Partial agonist at D2 and 5-HT1a; antagonist at 5-HT2a |
| l-dopa, carbidopa, simemet | Standard Parkinson's treatments (3) |
| Selegiline, Rasagiline | Parkinson's treatment; MOA-B inhibitors (2) |
| Tolcapone, entacapone | Parkinson's treatment, COMT inhibitors (prevent L-dopa breakdown in peripheral tissues) (2) |
| Bromocriptine, pergolide, ropinirole, pramipexole | Parkinson's treatment, Dopamine agonists (4) |
| Benztropine, trihexyphenidyl | Parkinson's treatment, centrally acting antimuscarinic agents (block muscarinics within the striatum) (2) |
| Amantadine | Parkinson's treatment; dopamine releasing agent |
| Donepezil, rivastigmine, galantamine, tacrine | Alzheimer's treatment; acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (4) |
| Memantine | Alzheimer's treatment; NMDA receptor agonist |
| zaleplon (sonata) | Hypnotic that decreases latency to sleep (~4 hr duration of action) and is approved for short term use, but has not anxiolytic or muscle relaxant properties |
| carbamazepine, felbamate, valproic acid | Antiseizure drugs; Liver function test required by the FDA (3) |
| Modafinil | Non-amphetamine stimulant clinically used to treat Narcolepsy |
| Venlafaxine, Duloxetine | Antidepressants; block norephinephrine uptake as well as serotonin uptake |
| Sildenafil | Autocoids; Prostaglandins; Trade name Viagra |
| Cimetidine, Ranitidine | GI drugs; H2-receptor antagonist (2) |
| Omeprazole, Esomeprazole, Rabeprazole | GI drugs; Proton pump inhibitors (3) |
| Diphenoxylate, loperamide, bismuth subsalicylate, alosetron | GI drugs; Antidiarrheal (4) |
| Tegaserod, Lubiprostone | GI drugs; Laxatives and stool softeners (2) |
| Bran, Psyllium preparations, methylcellulose | GI drugs; Bulk Laxatives (3) |
| Milk of magnesia, sodium phosphate, glycerin, lactulose, polyethylene glycol, ascorbic acid | GI drugs; Osmotically active agents (6) |
| Bisacodyl, cascara sagrada, senna, castor oil | GI drugs; Stimulant laxatives (4) |
| phenobarbital, pentobarbital, thiopental | Sedative-hypnotics; Barbiturates (3) |
| Chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, flurazepam | Sedative-hypnotics, Benzodiazepines, long half-life (3) |
| Lorazepam, temazepam, alprazolam | Sedative-hypnotics; Benzodiazepines; medium half-life (3) |
| Midazolam | Sedative-hypnotics; Benzodiazepine; short half life |
| Flunitrazepam, clonazepam | Sedative-hypnotics; Benzodiazepines; other (2) |
| Zaleplon, Zolpidem, Eszopiclone | Sedative-hypnotics; Non-benzodiazepines (z-drugs); bind to BZ1 subtype of benzodiazepine sites (3) |
| Flumazenil | Sedative-hypnotics; Non-benzodiazepines (z-drugs); benzodiazepam site antagonist |
| Chloral hydrate, meprobamate | Sedative-hypnotics; Older sedative-hypnotics |
| Melatonin, Ramelteon | Sedative-Hypnotics; Melatonin receptor agonists |
| Buspirone | Sedative-hypnotic; Serotonergic agent; agonist at 5-HT1a |
| Diphenhydramine, doxylamine | Sedative-hypnotics; Over-the-counter sleep aids; Antihistamines |
| Baclofen, Tizanidine, Dantrolene | Sedative-hypnotics; Spasmolytics |
| Baclofen | Sedative-hypnotics; Spasmolytic; GABAb receptor agonist |
| Tizanidine | Sedative-hypnotics; Spasmolytic; central alpha2 receptor agonist |
| Hydromorphone, methadone, meperidine, fentanyl, oxycodone, loperamide, naloxone, naltrexone, buprenorphine, dextromethorphan | Synthetic opiates (10) |
| Hydromorphone | Synthetic opiate; more potent than morphine |
| Meperidine | Synthetic opiate; less potent and shorter duration than morphine |
| Loperamide | Synthetic opiate; controls diarrhea |
| Buprenorphine | Synthetic opiate; partial agonist at opiate receptors, antagonizes morphine and heroin |
| Dextromethorphan | Synthetic opiate; cough suppressant |
| Methotrexate, Gold, leflunomide, etanercept, infliximab, abatacept, rituximab, anakinra | Inflammation; Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (8) |
| NSAIDs | Aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, salicylate, celecoxib |
| Acetaminophen, Glucocorticoids | Inflammation; others (2) |
| Indomethacin, colchicine, phenylbutazone | Gout; Anti-inflammatory (3) |
| Allopurinol, febuxostat | Gout; Decreased production (inhibit xanthine oxidase) (2) |
| Probenecid, sulfinpyrazone | Gout; Uricosuric drugs |
| Daclizumab, basiliximab, muromonab, abatacept | Immunomodulators; monoclonal antibodies used to treat inflammatory disorders (4) |
| cocaine, amphetamines, phenethylamine, phenylpropanolamine, kathionine | Stimulants; CNS sympathomimetics (5) |
| methylphenidate, atomoxetine | Stimulants; ADHD treatments (2) |
| Modafinil, gamma hydroxybutyrate | Stimulants; Narcolepsy treatments (2) |
| Dronabinol, Rimonabant | Similar to marijuana (2) |
| Fomepizole, Disulfiram, Naltrexone, Acamprosate | Alcohol treatments (4) |
| Propranolol, Methysergide, Amitriptyline, verapamil, valproic acid, topiramate, gabapentin, ibuprofen | Prophylactic treatments for migraine (8) |
| PPI/H2Ra, metronidazole, tetracycline, bismuth subsalicylate | GI drugs, Antimicrobial agents, Quadruple drug therapy |
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