AP Human Geography Chapter 2 Vocab
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32 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 AIDS | Immune system disease caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) which over a period of years weakens the capacity of the immune system to fight off infection so that weight loss and weakness set in and other afflictions such as cancer or pneumonia may hasten an infected person's demise. |
| Arithmetic Population Density | The population of a country or region expressed as an average per unit area. The figure is derived by dividing the population of the area unit by the number of square kilometers or miles that make up the unit. |
| Census | A periodic and official count of country's population. |
| Child Mortality Rate | A figure that describes the number of children that die between the first and fifth years of their lives in a given population. |
| Chronic Disease | Generally long-lasting afflictions now more common because of higher life expectancies. |
| Crude Birth Rate | The number of live births yearly per thousand people in a population. |
| Crude Death Rate | The number of deaths yearly per thousand people in a population. |
| Demographic Transition | Multistage model, based on Western Europe's experience, of changes in population growth exhibited by countries undergoing industrialization. High birth rates and death rates are followed by plunging death rates, producing a huge net population gain; this is followed by the convergence of birth rates and death rates at a low overall level. |
| Dot Map | Maps where one dot represents a certain number of a phenomenon, such as a population. |
| Doubling Time | The time required for a population to double in size. |
| Eugenic Population Policies | Government policies designed to favor one racial sector over others. |
| Expansive Population Policies | Government policies that encourage large families and raise the rate of population growth. |
| Infant Mortality Rate | A figure that describes the number of babies that die within the first year of their lives in a given population. |
| Life Expectancy | A figure indicating how long, on average, a person may be expected to live. Normally expressed in the context of a particular state. |
| Megalopolis | Term used to designate large coalescing supercities that are forming in diverse parts of the world; formerly used specifically with an uppercase "M" to refer to the Boston-Washington multimetropolitan corridor on the northeastern seaboard of the United States, but now used generically with a lower-case "m" as a symbol for conurbation. |
| Natural Increase | Population growth measured as the excess of live births over deaths. Natural increase of a population does not reflect either emigrant or immigrant movements. |
| Physiological Population Density | The number of people per unit area of arable land. |
| Population Composition | Structure of a population in terms of age, sex, and other properties such as marital status and education. |
| Population Density | measurement of the number of people per given unit of land. |
| Population Distribution | Description of locations on the Earth's surface where populations live. |
| Population Explosion | The rapid growth of the world's human population during the past century, attended by ever-shorter doubling times and accelerating rates of increase. |
| Population Pyramid | Visual representations of the age and sex composition of a population whereby the percentage of each age group (generally five-year increments) is represented by a horizontal bar the length of which represents its relationship to the total population. The males in each age group are represented to the left of the center line of each horizontal bar; the females in each age group are represented to the right of the center line. |
| Restrictive Population Policies | Government policies designed to reduce the rate of natural increase. |
| Stationary Population Level | The level at which a national population ceases to grow. |
| Agricultural Density | The total rural population and amount of agricultural land |
| Carrying Capacity | The number or quantity of people or things that can be conveyed or held by a vehicle or container. |
| Demographic Momentum | Demographic momentum is the phenomenon of continued population increase despite reduced reproductive rates. |
| Demography | The study of statistics such as births, deaths, or income, or the incidence of disease, which illustrate the changing structure of human populations. |
| Dependency Ratio | In economics and geography the dependency ratio is an age-population ratio of those typically not in the labor force (the dependent part and those typically in the labor force (the productive part) |
| Echo Boom | The demographic group of subjects with common defining characteristics following Generation X (the generation born after the Western post-World War II baby boom ended.) |
| Ecumene | A term originally used in the Greco-Roman world to refer to the inhabited earth (or at least the known part of it.) |
| Fertility Rate | The ratio of live births in an area to the population of that area; expressed per 1000 population per year. |
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