AP Human Geo. Unit 2
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49 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Demography | The branch of sociology that studies the characteristics of human populations |
| Census | A period count of the population |
| Population Density | Number of individuals per unit area |
| Arithmetic Population Density | the population of a country divided by its total land area |
| Physiologic Population Density | The number of people per unit area of arable land. |
| Population Composition | Structure of a population in terms of age, sex and other properties, education |
| Age-Sex Pyramid | A graphic representation of the age and sex of a population |
| Crude Birth Rate (CBR) | The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society. |
| Crude Death Rate (CDR) | The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society. |
| Infant Mortality | A figure that describes the number of babies that die within the first year of their lives in a given population |
| Total Fertility Rate (TFR) | The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years. |
| Demographic Transition (cycle) | A model of the effect of economic development on population growth |
| Doubling Time | The time required for a population to double in size |
| Exponential Growth | Growth of a population that multiplies by a constant factor at constant time intervals |
| Linear Growth | Expansion that increases by the same amount during each time interval. |
| Natural Increase | population growth measured as the excess of live births over deaths; does not reflect either emigrant or immigrant movements |
| Population Increase | The increase of population taking in account of emigration and immigration |
| Stationary Population Level (SPL) | The level at which a national population ceases to grow |
| Absolute Direction | A compass direction such as north or south. |
| Relative Direction | Directions such as left, right, forward, backward, up, and down. Based on persons perceptions. |
| Absolute Distance | The distance that can be measured with a standard unit length, such as a mile or kilometer. |
| Relative Distance | Distance measured, not in linear terms such as miles or kilometers, but in terms such as cost and time. |
| Push Factors | A factor that causes people to leave their homelands and migrate to another region |
| Pull Factors | Positive conditions and perceptions that effectively attact people to new locations from other areas |
| Activity (Action) Space | The space within which daily activity occurs. |
| Cyclic Movement | Movement that has a closed route and is repeated annually or seasonally |
| Nomadism | Movement among a definite set of places. Ex of cyclic movement. |
| Seasonal Movement | Movements that are taken based on a seasonal basis. |
| Migration | The movement of persons from one country or locality to another |
| Emigration | Movement of individuals out of an area |
| Forced Migration | Human migration flows in which the movers have not choice but to relocate |
| Voluntary Migration | Permanent movement undertaken by choice. |
| Internal Migration | Permanent movement within a particular country |
| External Migration | Migration across an international border |
| Interregional Migration | Permanent movement from one region of a country to another. |
| Step Migration | Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages, for example, from farm to nearby village and later to a town and city |
| Counter Migration | The return of migrants to the regions from which they earlier emigrated |
| Intervening Opportunity | The presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away. |
| Distance Decay | The diminishing in importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin |
| Refugee | An exile who flees for safety |
| Temporary Refugees | Refugees encamped in a host country or host region while waiting for resettlement |
| Permanent Refugees | Person or persons who have been permanently displaced from their home |
| International Refugees | Refugees who have crossed 1 or more international boundaries during their dislocation |
| Intranational Refugees | Refugees who have abandoned their town or village but not their country. |
| Immigration Laws | Laws and regulations of a state designed specifically to control immigration into that state. |
| Eugenic Population Policy | Government policy designed to favor one racial sector over others. |
| Expansive Population Policy | Government policy that encourages large families and raises the rate of population growth. |
| Restrictive Population Policy | Government policy designed to reduce the rate of natural increase. |
| Negative Population Growth | The actual decline in population due to less than replacement births or extensive diseases. When the death rate exceeds the birth rate. |
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