Early River Civilizations II
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29 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Nile River | The world's longest river, which flows northward through East Africa into the Mediterranean Sea. |
| Upper Egypt | The southern region of ancient Egypt, named so because it was located upriver with the Nile's flow. |
| Lower Egypt | The northern region of ancient Egypt, named so because it was located downriver with the Nile's flow. |
| King Menes | Created 1st Dynasty, united Upper and Lower Egypt. |
| Book of the Dead | Collection of religious spells which were thought to be helpful to the deceased in the afterlife. |
| Sahara Desert | The world's largest desert (3,500,000 square miles) in northern Africa. |
| Rosetta Stone | A huge stone slab inscribed with hieroglyphics, Greek, and a later form of Egyptian that allowed historians to understand Egyptian writing. |
| King Tut | Pharaoh of Egypt around 1358 BC, youngest pharoh, restored old gods, died at an early age. |
| Ankhenaten | Akhenaten, known as Amenhotep IV at the start of his reign, was a Pharaoh of the eighteenth dynasty of Egypt. |
| Yellow River | Also known as the Huang-He river. The second longest river in China and the sixth longest in the world. The majority of ancient Chinese civilizations originated in the Yellow River Valley. |
| Shang Dynasties | 1525-1028 BC the Chinese started casting bronze, building horse-drawn chariots, and cultivating silkworms. They developed a system of writing. |
| Zhou Dynasties | The Zhou dynasty (1022 B.C. to 256 B.C.) lasted longer than any other in Chinese history, and the use of iron was introduced to China during this time. |
| silk | A fabric made from the fine threads produced by certain insect larvae. |
| Mandarin | The dialect of Chinese spoken in Beijing and adopted as the official language for all of China. |
| porcelain | A ceramic made of fine clay baked at very high temperatures. |
| astronomy | The branch of physics that studies celestial bodies and the universe as a whole. |
| Tigris River | A major river in Southwest Asia; with the Euphrates River it defined the "land between the rivers" known as Mesopotamia. |
| Euphrates River | A river in southwestern Asia that flows through the southern part of the Fertile Crescent; parallel to the Tigris River. |
| sail | A large piece of fabric (as canvas) by means of which wind is used to propel a sailing vessel. |
| Sumerians | People who dominated Southern Mesopotamia through the end of the 3rd Millennium BC. Responsible for the creation of irrigation technology, cuneiform, and religious conceptions. |
| mosaics | Patterns or pictures made by embedding small pieces of stone or glass in cement on surfaces such as walls and floors. |
| Babylon | The chief city of ancient Mesopotamia and capitol of the ancient kingdom of Babylonia. |
| Indus River | A river in South Asia that flows from the Himalayas to the Arabian Sea. |
| Harappa | A large ancient city of the Indus civilization, created in present-day Pakistan. |
| Mohenjo-Daro | Indus Valley city laid out in a grid pattern. Had a complex irrigation and sewer system. |
| Himalayas | A mountain range extending 1500 miles on the border between India and Tibet. |
| Great Bath | Architectural structure located at Mohenjo-Daro of the Indus Valley civilization used by the population for cleansing. |
| Aryans | Nomads from Europe and Asia who migrated to India and finally settled; vedas from this time suggest beginning of caste system. |
| Sanskrit | The first writing system of the Aryans, developed around 1000 B.C. |
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