Perio Chapter 5 Study Guide & Chapter Questions
Order by
49 terms
Terms | Definitions |
|---|---|
 Bacteria | microorganisms composed of a single cell than only can be seen through a microscope |
| Innocuous | not harmful; innocent |
| Pathogenic | capable of causing disease in human beings |
| Gram-positive bacteria | bacteria with a thick, single cell wall that retains a purple color when stained with a dye known as crystal violet |
| Gram-negative bacteria | bacteria with double cell walls that do not stain a purple color when stained with a dye known as crystal violet; believed to play an important role in the tissue destruction seen in periodontitis |
| Aerobic bacteria | bacteria that require oxygen to live |
| Anaerobic bacteria | bacteria that cannot live in the presence of oxygen |
| Facultative anaerobic bacteria | bacteria that can exist either with or without oxygen |
| Biofilm | a well-organized community of bacteria that adheres to surfaces and is embedded in an extracellular slime layer. Form rapidly on any wet surface and usually consist of many species of bacteria as well as other organisms and debris |
| Extracellular slime layer | a protective barrier that surrounds the mushroom-shaped bacterial microcolonies of a biofilm; protects the bacterial microcolonies from antibiotics, antimicrobials, and host defense mechanisms |
| Bacterial plaque | a biofilm that adheres tenaciously to tooth surfaces, restorations, and prosthetic appliances |
| Fimbriae | hairlike structures that bacteria use to connect to the pellicle and each other |
| Pellicle | thin coating of salivary proteins that attach to the tooth surface |
| Bacterial blooms | periods when specific species or groups of species grow at rapidly accelerated rates within the dental plaque biofilm |
| Mixed infection | an infection caused by and associated with multiple bacteria |
| Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans | a gram-negative bacterium that has been identified as an etiologic agent of periodontitis (Aa) |
| Bacteroides forsythus | a gram-negative bacterium that has been identified as an etiologic agent of periodontitis; former name of Tf |
| Tannerella forsythensis | a gram-negative bacterium that has been identified as an etiologic agent of periodontitis; new name of Bf |
| Fusobacterium nucleatum | gram-negative nonmotile bacteria found in the early stages of gingivitis and is a prominent component of the subgingival plaque in perio with severe attachment loss; early inflammatory changes in tissue (Fn) |
| Porphyromonas gingivalis | a gram-negative bacterium that has been identified as an etiologic agent of periodontitis (Pg) |
| Tooth-attached plaque | a type of plaque found within a periodontal pocket that is attached to the tooth surface |
| Unattached plaque | a type of plaque found within a periodontal pocket that is not attached to either the tooth surface or the epithelium of the pocket wall |
| Virulence factors | mechanisms that enable biofilm bacteria to colonize, invade, and damage the tissues of the periodontium; may be structural characteristics of the bacterium itself or substances produced and released into the environment by bacteria |
| Virulent | ability to cause disease |
| Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) | a major component of the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria that will initiate the host immune response; also known as cellular endotoxin |
| Exotoxins | harmful proteins released from the bacterial cell that act on host cells at a distance |
| Endotoxins | a major component of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria that will initiate the host immune response; also known as LPS |
| Bacterial enzymes | cytotoxic agents that are harmful or destructive to host cells |
| Herpes virus (HSV) | associated with Chronic perio, Aggressive perio, NUG, HIV perio, Gingival recession, Perio associated with systemic conditions |
| Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) | associated with Chronic perio, Aggressive perio, NUG, HIV perio, Gingival recession, Perio associated with systemic conditions |
| Importance of attached bacteria in the development of periodontal diseases | inner layers are dominated by gram +, but gram (-) are also present |
| Methods for successful removal of biofilm | mechanical |
| Bacterial virulence factors | ability to invade tissues LPS cause tissue destruction exotoxins cause leukocyte destruction enzymes assist in tissue invasion |
| Bacteria associated with dental caries | Lactobacillus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus |
| Bacteria associated with periodontal disease | Aa, Fn, Pg, Bf, Streptococcus intermedius, campylobacter rectus, Eubacterium nodatum, Prevotella intermedia, Peptostretococcus micros, Prevotella nigrescens, Treponema denticola |
| Prevotella intermedia | gram-negative obligate anaerobic rod associated with pregnancy gingivitis and NUP; moderate etiology |
| Treponema denticola | gram-negative anaerobic spirochete associated with chronic perio, NUP; moderate (book) to strong (others) etiology |
| Capnocytophaga | gram-negative facultative rod associated with aggressive localized perio; moderate etiology |
| Bacterial color complex classification | closer to red the color, more pathogenic it is |
| Theory of HSV association with periodontal disease | infects neutrophils, macrophages, T & B lymphocytes; infect & lyse fibroblasts; lead to an upregulation of TNF & IL-1 |
| Theory of HCMV association with periodontal disease | infect & lyse fibroblasts; lead to an upregulation of TNF & IL-1 |
| bacterium | a single microscopic organism is termed: |
| Gram-negative | bacteria that have double cell walls and that do not stain purple with crystal violet are called: |
| biofilm | a well-organized community of bacteria that adheres to surfaces and is embedded in an extracellular slime layer is termed: |
| extracellular slime layer | which structure of a biofilm protects the bacterial microcolonies from systemic antibiotics and the body's immune system? |
| fluid channels | which structure of a biofilm facilitates the movement of nutrients to the bacteria? |
| toothbrush and floss | what would be most effective in controlling the bacteria in a dental plaque biofilm? |
| a toothbrush and floss cannot clean root surfaces within a periodontal pocket | why is frequent periodontal instrumentation important in the control of dental plaque biofilms located in periodontal pockets? |
| actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans | which bacterium can be transmitted from one family member to another? |
First Time Here?
Welcome to Quizlet, a fun, free place to study. Try these flashcards, find others to study, or make your own.
Set Champions
Scatter Champion
42.4 secs by christineschoep
Space Race Champion
310 points by christineschoep